587
Y. Sadovy de Mitcheson and P.L. Colin (eds.), Reef Fish Spawning Aggregations:
Biology, Research and Management, Fish & Fisheries Series 35,
DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-1980-4, © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012
Glossary
Advection in the ocean this is the physical transport of water and contained materials
or properties which is primarily horizontal; generally considered to move “place
to place”, rather than up and down
Allee effect an effect of population density on population growth, by which there is
a fall in reproductive rate at very low population densities and a positive relationship between population density and the reproduction and survival of individuals
(Allee 1931 )
Aquaculture FAO defi nes aquaculture as “the farming of aquatic organisms, including fi sh, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants. Farming implies some
form of intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, such as regular
stocking, feeding, protection from predators, etc. Farming also implies individual
or corporate ownership of the stock being cultivated. For statistical purposes,
aquatic organisms which are harvested by an individual or corporate body which
has owned them throughout their rearing period contribute to aquaculture, while
aquatic organisms which are exploitable by the public as a common property
resource, with or without appropriate licences, are the harvest of fi sheries.”
Capture-based aquaculture (CBA) is also a signifi cant supplier of aquacultured
fi sh that has a heavy dependence on wild-sourced organisms. Marine aquaculture
is known as mariculture .
Amplitude, tidal the distance between high and low tides
Barotrauma refers to an overinfl ated swim bladder which occurs as a result of fi sh
being brought up from depth. Typically, a fi sh’s air bladder infl ates and defl ates
to enable the fi sh to suspend at a particular depth: if a fi sh is brought up from
deep water, there is insuffi cient time for the air bladder to naturally get rid of air
and so the sudden release of pressure experienced in shallower waters results
in an overinfl ated air bladder that presses on vital internal organs, and the fi sh’s
stomach may protrude from its gullet. Serious damage is typically caused often
leading to death unless the pressure is rapidly, artifi cially, released
Benthic associated with living on or near the sea-bottom, irrespective of the depth
of the sea
Y. Sadovy de Mitcheson and P.L. Colin (eds.), Reef Fish Spawning Aggregations:
Biology, Research and Management, Fish & Fisheries Series 35,
DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-1980-4, © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012
Glossary
Advection in the ocean this is the physical transport of water and contained materials
or properties which is primarily horizontal; generally considered to move “place
to place”, rather than up and down
Allee effect an effect of population density on population growth, by which there is
a fall in reproductive rate at very low population densities and a positive relationship between population density and the reproduction and survival of individuals
(Allee 1931 )
Aquaculture FAO defi nes aquaculture as “the farming of aquatic organisms, including fi sh, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants. Farming implies some
form of intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, such as regular
stocking, feeding, protection from predators, etc. Farming also implies individual
or corporate ownership of the stock being cultivated. For statistical purposes,
aquatic organisms which are harvested by an individual or corporate body which
has owned them throughout their rearing period contribute to aquaculture, while
aquatic organisms which are exploitable by the public as a common property
resource, with or without appropriate licences, are the harvest of fi sheries.”
Capture-based aquaculture (CBA) is also a signifi cant supplier of aquacultured
fi sh that has a heavy dependence on wild-sourced organisms. Marine aquaculture
is known as mariculture .
Amplitude, tidal the distance between high and low tides
Barotrauma refers to an overinfl ated swim bladder which occurs as a result of fi sh
being brought up from depth. Typically, a fi sh’s air bladder infl ates and defl ates
to enable the fi sh to suspend at a particular depth: if a fi sh is brought up from
deep water, there is insuffi cient time for the air bladder to naturally get rid of air
and so the sudden release of pressure experienced in shallower waters results
in an overinfl ated air bladder that presses on vital internal organs, and the fi sh’s
stomach may protrude from its gullet. Serious damage is typically caused often
leading to death unless the pressure is rapidly, artifi cially, released
Benthic associated with living on or near the sea-bottom, irrespective of the depth
of the sea