478
12 Species Case Studies
closure to 3 months duration. In contrast, the 6-week spawning closure in the
Freycinet Estuary did not reduce the recreational snapper catch to the management
target when it was fi rst introduced in 2000 (Sumner and Malseed 2002 ) . The closure
saw a subsequent seasonal shift in recreational fi shing effort in 2001 and 2002 as
fi shers visited the area at alternative times (July or October) to avoid the closure,
and the snapper catch remained at a similar level as a result (Jackson et al. 2005 ) .
The estimates of recreational catch from boat ramp surveys indicate that management quota-tags have been very successful in limiting the recreational catch in
the Freycinet Estuary since 2003 (Jackson et al. 2008 ) . The quota-tag system
works to limit participation, with the total number of tags limited, and consequently exploitation rates are reduced. The success of the tags is related to the
limited number of access points that assists with compliance efforts, low levels of
release mortality due to the shallowness of waters in the Estuary, and as fi shing is
targeted at spawning aggregations, bycatch of other species is minimal. The tags
are subject to high levels of compliance and acceptance with fi shers 7–8 years
after their introduction.
Elsewhere in Western Australia, large snapper migrate into the marine embayments of Cockburn Sound and Warnbro Sound, near Perth (32
o S, 116
o E), to form
spawning aggregations between September and January each year (Wakefi eld 2006 ) .
These aggregations were historically targeted by commercial and recreational fi shers but have been protected by seasonal closures each year since 2000. Both areas
are now closed to all snapper fi shing between October and January each year.
In South Australia, commercial and recreational fi shers have historically targeted
spawning aggregations in areas such as northern Spencer Gulf and Gulf St Vincent
(34–35°S, 137–138°E) between November and January. Spawning season closures
have been used since 2000, with all of November now closed to snapper fi shing
statewide (Anthony Fowler personal communication).
Adult snapper migrate into Port Phillip Bay near Melbourne, Victoria (38
o S,
145
o E), during October-December to spawn (Coutin et al. 2003 ) . While both recreational and commercial fi shers have historically targeted the annual spawningrelated movements of snapper around the Bay, no specifi c management measures
are in place to manage the spawning aggregations. Similarly, no dedicated measures
are currently used to manage snapper during the spawning season in New South
Wales and Queensland.
12.13 Humphead Wrasse – Cheilinus undulatus
Patrick L. Colin and Yvonne Sadovy de Mitcheson
Coral Reef Research Foundation , PO Box 1765, Koror, Palau 96940
e-mail: crrf@palaunet.com
School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
e-mail: yjsadovy@hku.hk
12 Species Case Studies
closure to 3 months duration. In contrast, the 6-week spawning closure in the
Freycinet Estuary did not reduce the recreational snapper catch to the management
target when it was fi rst introduced in 2000 (Sumner and Malseed 2002 ) . The closure
saw a subsequent seasonal shift in recreational fi shing effort in 2001 and 2002 as
fi shers visited the area at alternative times (July or October) to avoid the closure,
and the snapper catch remained at a similar level as a result (Jackson et al. 2005 ) .
The estimates of recreational catch from boat ramp surveys indicate that management quota-tags have been very successful in limiting the recreational catch in
the Freycinet Estuary since 2003 (Jackson et al. 2008 ) . The quota-tag system
works to limit participation, with the total number of tags limited, and consequently exploitation rates are reduced. The success of the tags is related to the
limited number of access points that assists with compliance efforts, low levels of
release mortality due to the shallowness of waters in the Estuary, and as fi shing is
targeted at spawning aggregations, bycatch of other species is minimal. The tags
are subject to high levels of compliance and acceptance with fi shers 7–8 years
after their introduction.
Elsewhere in Western Australia, large snapper migrate into the marine embayments of Cockburn Sound and Warnbro Sound, near Perth (32
o S, 116
o E), to form
spawning aggregations between September and January each year (Wakefi eld 2006 ) .
These aggregations were historically targeted by commercial and recreational fi shers but have been protected by seasonal closures each year since 2000. Both areas
are now closed to all snapper fi shing between October and January each year.
In South Australia, commercial and recreational fi shers have historically targeted
spawning aggregations in areas such as northern Spencer Gulf and Gulf St Vincent
(34–35°S, 137–138°E) between November and January. Spawning season closures
have been used since 2000, with all of November now closed to snapper fi shing
statewide (Anthony Fowler personal communication).
Adult snapper migrate into Port Phillip Bay near Melbourne, Victoria (38
o S,
145
o E), during October-December to spawn (Coutin et al. 2003 ) . While both recreational and commercial fi shers have historically targeted the annual spawningrelated movements of snapper around the Bay, no specifi c management measures
are in place to manage the spawning aggregations. Similarly, no dedicated measures
are currently used to manage snapper during the spawning season in New South
Wales and Queensland.
12.13 Humphead Wrasse – Cheilinus undulatus
Patrick L. Colin and Yvonne Sadovy de Mitcheson
Coral Reef Research Foundation , PO Box 1765, Koror, Palau 96940
e-mail: crrf@palaunet.com
School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
e-mail: yjsadovy@hku.hk