Location and species
Method(s) for
collecting LEK
Assumption(s) of LEK
tested using validation
Method(s) for
validating LEK
Outcome
Source
Fiji, E. polyphekadion
and P. areolatus
Semi-structured
interviews in
several
communities
along
contiguous
coastline
Spawning aggregations of
groupers occur at four
sites in northern Fiji
during at least one of
the months indicated
Dived at four reported
aggregation sites on
one of peak months
indicated by
interviews, July.
Checked gonads of
groupers being
captured at this site
by fi shers
Confi rmed presence of both species at
three of four sites; consistent outcomes
by four communities. Fourth site had
no fi sh or boats despite excellent
weather and local community
reported it to be fi shed out. Found
E. cyanopterus
at one site that had not
been otherwise reported – only noted
by shallow water spearfi shers. Traders
at the main trading town of the region
confi rmed large numbers of the same
three species during indicated months
Sadovy ( 2006 ) and
YSM, personal
observation
Palau,
E. polyphekadion,
E. fuscoguttatus
and P. areolatus
Unstructured and
semi structured
interviews
Spawning months from
April to July for
P. areolatus.
E. fuscoguttatus
and
E. polyphekadion
UVC surveys in every
month of year at
three sites during
days leading up
until full moon and
until fi sh numbers
declined after
spawning. Market
sampling of fi sh to
examine gonad
condition
Months reported correct but incomplete;
August is also a month in which
spawning aggregations form although
can be smaller than other months.
Plectropomus areolatus
misidentifi ed
as P. leopardus
in earlier study and at
one site also was present in other
months in small numbers
Johannes et al.
( 1999 ) , Sadovy
( 2007 ) , Johannes
( 1981 ) , Patrick
Colin, personal
communication
2009, and Palau
Conservation
Society,
unpublished data
Philippines Groupers Semi-structured
interviews
Some interviewees reported
several small
aggregation sites off
NE Palawan of
Plectropomus
spp.
SCUBA dived at
several sites at
indicated times
Confi rmed aggregation of fi sh for one of
the indicated months. Gravid females
sighted
YSM and Jose Ingles,
unpublished
collaboration with
WWF Philippines
(continued)
Method(s) for
collecting LEK
Assumption(s) of LEK
tested using validation
Method(s) for
validating LEK
Outcome
Source
Fiji, E. polyphekadion
and P. areolatus
Semi-structured
interviews in
several
communities
along
contiguous
coastline
Spawning aggregations of
groupers occur at four
sites in northern Fiji
during at least one of
the months indicated
Dived at four reported
aggregation sites on
one of peak months
indicated by
interviews, July.
Checked gonads of
groupers being
captured at this site
by fi shers
Confi rmed presence of both species at
three of four sites; consistent outcomes
by four communities. Fourth site had
no fi sh or boats despite excellent
weather and local community
reported it to be fi shed out. Found
E. cyanopterus
at one site that had not
been otherwise reported – only noted
by shallow water spearfi shers. Traders
at the main trading town of the region
confi rmed large numbers of the same
three species during indicated months
Sadovy ( 2006 ) and
YSM, personal
observation
Palau,
E. polyphekadion,
E. fuscoguttatus
and P. areolatus
Unstructured and
semi structured
interviews
Spawning months from
April to July for
P. areolatus.
E. fuscoguttatus
and
E. polyphekadion
UVC surveys in every
month of year at
three sites during
days leading up
until full moon and
until fi sh numbers
declined after
spawning. Market
sampling of fi sh to
examine gonad
condition
Months reported correct but incomplete;
August is also a month in which
spawning aggregations form although
can be smaller than other months.
Plectropomus areolatus
misidentifi ed
as P. leopardus
in earlier study and at
one site also was present in other
months in small numbers
Johannes et al.
( 1999 ) , Sadovy
( 2007 ) , Johannes
( 1981 ) , Patrick
Colin, personal
communication
2009, and Palau
Conservation
Society,
unpublished data
Philippines Groupers Semi-structured
interviews
Some interviewees reported
several small
aggregation sites off
NE Palawan of
Plectropomus
spp.
SCUBA dived at
several sites at
indicated times
Confi rmed aggregation of fi sh for one of
the indicated months. Gravid females
sighted
YSM and Jose Ingles,
unpublished
collaboration with
WWF Philippines
(continued)