78
P.P. Molloy et al.
References
Afonso P, Fontes J, Morato T et al (2008a) Reproduction and spawning habitat of white trevally,
Pseudocaranx dentex , in the Azores, central north Atlantic. Sci Mar 72:373–381
Afonso P, Morato T, Santos RS (2008b) Spatial patterns in reproductive traits of the temperate
parrotfi sh Sparisoma cretense . Fish Res 90:92–99
Aguilar-Perera A (1994) Preliminary observations of the spawning aggregation of Nassau grouper,
Epinephelus striatus, at Mahahual, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Proc Gulf Caribb Fish Inst
43:112–122
Alatalo RV, Höglund J, Lundberg A et al (1992) Evolution of black grouse leks – female preferenced
benefi t males in larger leks. Behav Ecol 3:53–59
Alonzo SH, Mangel M (2004) The effects of size-selective fi sheries on the stock dynamics of and
sperm limitation in sex-changing fi sh. Fish Bull 102:1–13
Andersson M (1994) Sexual selection. Princeton University Press, Princeton
Arroyo B, Mougeot F, Bretagnolle V (2001) Colonial breeding and nest defence in Montagu’s harrier
( Circus pygargus ). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 50:109–115
Balmford A, Turyaho M (1992) Predation risk and Lek-breeding in Uganda Kob. Anim Behav
44:117–127
Barlow GW (1981) Patterns of parental investment, dispersal and size among coral reef fi shes.
Environ Biol Fish 6:65–85
Beets J, Friedlander A (1998) Evaluation of a conservation strategy: a spawning aggregation
closure for red hind, Epinephelus guttatus , in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Environ Biol Fish
55:91–98
Beets J, Hixon MA (1994) Distribution, persistence, and growth of groupers (Pisces, Serranidae)
on artifi cial and natural patch reefs in the Virgin Islands. Bull Mar Sci 55:470–483
Bekkevold D, Hansen MM, Loeschcke V (2002) Male reproductive competition in spawning
aggregations of cod ( Gadus morhua, L. ). Mol Ecol 11:91–102
Bell LJ, Colin PL (1986) Mass spawning of Caesio teres (Pisces: Caesionidae) at Enewetak Atoll,
Marshall Islands. Environ Biol Fish 15:69–74
Bolden SK (2000) Long-distance movement of a Nassau grouper ( Epinephelus striatus ) to a
spawning aggregation in central Bahamas. Fish B-NOAA 98:642–645
Brown CR, Brown MB (1989) Behavioral dynamics of intraspecifi c brood parasitism in colonial
cliff swallows. Anim Behav 37:777–796
Brown CR, Brown MB (2004) Empirical measurement of parasite transmission between groups in
a colonial bird. Ecology 85:1619–1626
Brulé T, Déniel C, Colás-Marrufo T, Sánchez-Crespo M (1999) Red grouper reproduction in the
southern Gulf of Mexico. Trans Am Fish Soc 128:385–402
Byrne PG, Roberts JD, Simmons LW (2002) Sperm competition selects for increased testes mass
in Australian frogs. J Evol Biol 15:347–355
Charnov EL (1982) The theory of sex allocation. Princeton University Press, Princeton
Choat JH, Robertson DR (1975) Protogynous hermaphroditism in fi shes of the family Scaridae. In:
Reinboth R (ed) Intersexuality in the animal kingdom. Springer, New York
Clavijo IE (1983) Pair spawning and formation of a lek-like mating system in the parrotfi sh Scarus
vetula . Copeia 1983:253–256
Claydon J (2004) Spawning aggregations of coral reef fi shes: characteristics, hypotheses, threats
and management. Oceanogr Mar Biol Ann Rev 42:265–302
Clifton KE, Robertson DR (1993) Risks of alternative mating tactics. Nature 366:520
Coleman FC, Koenig CC, Collins LA (1996) Reproductive styles of shallow-water groupers
(Pisces: Serranidae) in the eastern Gulf of Mexico and the consequences of fi shing spawning
aggregations. Environ Biol Fishes 47:129–141
Colin PL (1978) Daily and summer-winter variation in mass spawning of the striped parrotfi sh,
Scarus croicensis . Fish B-NOAA 76:117–124
P.P. Molloy et al.
References
Afonso P, Fontes J, Morato T et al (2008a) Reproduction and spawning habitat of white trevally,
Pseudocaranx dentex , in the Azores, central north Atlantic. Sci Mar 72:373–381
Afonso P, Morato T, Santos RS (2008b) Spatial patterns in reproductive traits of the temperate
parrotfi sh Sparisoma cretense . Fish Res 90:92–99
Aguilar-Perera A (1994) Preliminary observations of the spawning aggregation of Nassau grouper,
Epinephelus striatus, at Mahahual, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Proc Gulf Caribb Fish Inst
43:112–122
Alatalo RV, Höglund J, Lundberg A et al (1992) Evolution of black grouse leks – female preferenced
benefi t males in larger leks. Behav Ecol 3:53–59
Alonzo SH, Mangel M (2004) The effects of size-selective fi sheries on the stock dynamics of and
sperm limitation in sex-changing fi sh. Fish Bull 102:1–13
Andersson M (1994) Sexual selection. Princeton University Press, Princeton
Arroyo B, Mougeot F, Bretagnolle V (2001) Colonial breeding and nest defence in Montagu’s harrier
( Circus pygargus ). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 50:109–115
Balmford A, Turyaho M (1992) Predation risk and Lek-breeding in Uganda Kob. Anim Behav
44:117–127
Barlow GW (1981) Patterns of parental investment, dispersal and size among coral reef fi shes.
Environ Biol Fish 6:65–85
Beets J, Friedlander A (1998) Evaluation of a conservation strategy: a spawning aggregation
closure for red hind, Epinephelus guttatus , in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Environ Biol Fish
55:91–98
Beets J, Hixon MA (1994) Distribution, persistence, and growth of groupers (Pisces, Serranidae)
on artifi cial and natural patch reefs in the Virgin Islands. Bull Mar Sci 55:470–483
Bekkevold D, Hansen MM, Loeschcke V (2002) Male reproductive competition in spawning
aggregations of cod ( Gadus morhua, L. ). Mol Ecol 11:91–102
Bell LJ, Colin PL (1986) Mass spawning of Caesio teres (Pisces: Caesionidae) at Enewetak Atoll,
Marshall Islands. Environ Biol Fish 15:69–74
Bolden SK (2000) Long-distance movement of a Nassau grouper ( Epinephelus striatus ) to a
spawning aggregation in central Bahamas. Fish B-NOAA 98:642–645
Brown CR, Brown MB (1989) Behavioral dynamics of intraspecifi c brood parasitism in colonial
cliff swallows. Anim Behav 37:777–796
Brown CR, Brown MB (2004) Empirical measurement of parasite transmission between groups in
a colonial bird. Ecology 85:1619–1626
Brulé T, Déniel C, Colás-Marrufo T, Sánchez-Crespo M (1999) Red grouper reproduction in the
southern Gulf of Mexico. Trans Am Fish Soc 128:385–402
Byrne PG, Roberts JD, Simmons LW (2002) Sperm competition selects for increased testes mass
in Australian frogs. J Evol Biol 15:347–355
Charnov EL (1982) The theory of sex allocation. Princeton University Press, Princeton
Choat JH, Robertson DR (1975) Protogynous hermaphroditism in fi shes of the family Scaridae. In:
Reinboth R (ed) Intersexuality in the animal kingdom. Springer, New York
Clavijo IE (1983) Pair spawning and formation of a lek-like mating system in the parrotfi sh Scarus
vetula . Copeia 1983:253–256
Claydon J (2004) Spawning aggregations of coral reef fi shes: characteristics, hypotheses, threats
and management. Oceanogr Mar Biol Ann Rev 42:265–302
Clifton KE, Robertson DR (1993) Risks of alternative mating tactics. Nature 366:520
Coleman FC, Koenig CC, Collins LA (1996) Reproductive styles of shallow-water groupers
(Pisces: Serranidae) in the eastern Gulf of Mexico and the consequences of fi shing spawning
aggregations. Environ Biol Fishes 47:129–141
Colin PL (1978) Daily and summer-winter variation in mass spawning of the striped parrotfi sh,
Scarus croicensis . Fish B-NOAA 76:117–124