446
J. Iglesias and L. Fuentes
Barcode of Life) of zooplankton species that are potential natural prey of O� vulgaris
paralarvae in order to allow its molecular identification and traceability.
23.9.2 Nutrition
In order to move from the actual research situation to the next phase of industrial
cultivation of the common octopus, it is essential to develop an inert diet to be supplied from 1 month of age onwards, with an appropriate nutritional composition that
meets the requirements of the octopus paralarvae (PUFAs, lipids, proteins, protein
to lipid ratio, amino acids, essential elements, vitamins, etc.), as well as a good level
of acceptance, buoyancy, leaching, etc. Another issue to be addressed would be
that of developing appropriate enrichment protocols for Artemia that would make
its composition to more closely match that of crustacean zoea or natural wild zooplankton.
23.9.3 Zootechnical Improvements
Standardized methods should be established for the whole rearing process including
the live prey period, weaning and settlement.
The settlement process needs to be further studied in order to better define requirements for food, shelter and type of substrate through a better understanding of
juvenile behaviour.
23.9.4 Water Quality, Microbiology and Pathology
Further investigations of the chronic toxicity of nitrite compounds and other metabolites are strongly recommended in order to further improve water treatment
systems. Gas supersaturation effects should be analysed in more detail. Specific
pathogens and bacterial growth in the rearing systems should be also taken into
account and identified. The effect of the application of probiotics in this context
should also be evaluated in O� vulgaris paralarvae rearing.
23.9.5 Histology and Paralarvae Development
Studies of the anatomical changes of internal and external organs during the process of paralarval rearing are essential in defining welfare and fitness issues. Other
aspects related to paralarval morphology, physiology, immunology, growth and internal rhythms are required to more fully understand paralarvae quality.
J. Iglesias and L. Fuentes
Barcode of Life) of zooplankton species that are potential natural prey of O� vulgaris
paralarvae in order to allow its molecular identification and traceability.
23.9.2 Nutrition
In order to move from the actual research situation to the next phase of industrial
cultivation of the common octopus, it is essential to develop an inert diet to be supplied from 1 month of age onwards, with an appropriate nutritional composition that
meets the requirements of the octopus paralarvae (PUFAs, lipids, proteins, protein
to lipid ratio, amino acids, essential elements, vitamins, etc.), as well as a good level
of acceptance, buoyancy, leaching, etc. Another issue to be addressed would be
that of developing appropriate enrichment protocols for Artemia that would make
its composition to more closely match that of crustacean zoea or natural wild zooplankton.
23.9.3 Zootechnical Improvements
Standardized methods should be established for the whole rearing process including
the live prey period, weaning and settlement.
The settlement process needs to be further studied in order to better define requirements for food, shelter and type of substrate through a better understanding of
juvenile behaviour.
23.9.4 Water Quality, Microbiology and Pathology
Further investigations of the chronic toxicity of nitrite compounds and other metabolites are strongly recommended in order to further improve water treatment
systems. Gas supersaturation effects should be analysed in more detail. Specific
pathogens and bacterial growth in the rearing systems should be also taken into
account and identified. The effect of the application of probiotics in this context
should also be evaluated in O� vulgaris paralarvae rearing.
23.9.5 Histology and Paralarvae Development
Studies of the anatomical changes of internal and external organs during the process of paralarval rearing are essential in defining welfare and fitness issues. Other
aspects related to paralarval morphology, physiology, immunology, growth and internal rhythms are required to more fully understand paralarvae quality.