142
N. Koueta et al.
saccharide’ (SIP) and suggested its potential as an effective natural antimutagenic
agent. In another study, a non-sulphated polysaccharide was isolated from the ink
sac of squid Ommastrephes bartrami after removal of the melanin granules (Chen
et al. 2008). Chen et al. (2008) explained that a sulphated glycosaminoglycan-like
polysaccharide has been identified in squid ink and is reported to have antibacterial,
antitumour and antiretroviral activities.
More recently, some authors have studied the biological activity of ink. Chen
et al. (2010) report the preparation, characterization and potential biological activities of a chemically sulphated polysaccharide isolated from the ink of the squid O�
bartrami. Similarly, a number of naturally sulphated polysaccharides were reported
to exhibit diverse biological activities. These authors concluded that an ink polysaccharide is a potential candidate compound for the prevention of tumour metastasis. Also Ding et al. (2011) demonstrated the effect of Sepia ink oligopeptides
on growth inhibition and could be a potentially useful adjunct in the treatment of
cancer. Several active components, including a tyrosinase and an ACE inhibitor,
have been identified in cephalopod ink (Chen et al. 2008; Ding et al. 2011). Zong
et al. (2013) studied the SIP isolated by Liu et al. (2008) and demonstrated that the
sulphated form of SIP, SIP-SII, significantly inhibits the metastase in a melanoma
mouse model. The SIP-SII from cuttlefish ink may be used as an anti-metastatic
drug.
8.3 Conclusion and Trend
In conclusion, cephalopod by-products represent a diverse array of biomolecules
with numerous potential valorisations. Abundant studies have been made concerning the opportunity to develop new products by processing cephalopod by-products.
Nevertheless, the major problems to industrialize these developments are:
• Logistical difficulties: Some resources are dispersed and the logistical cost can
be excessive.
• Economic weakness with a competition with other raw materials such as vegetables, algae, etc.
• Supply of raw material.
• Freshness of by-products and regulatory requirements.
Cephalopod by-products must be better considered as raw materials than wastes,
onboard as well as at the processing plants, with the aim of maintaining freshness
of by-products and minimizing the rate of enzymatic degradation and microbial
spoilage, which are higher in by-products such as viscera. For use in high-value applications, preservation and storage of by-products are essential.
There are a lot of high-value molecules to extract from cephalopod by-products.
Some research is needed to optimize processing methods and limit the economic
weakness. In addition, some by-products are used carefully because of their quantities of heavy metals, such as in viscera. Methods to eliminate them are still needed.
N. Koueta et al.
saccharide’ (SIP) and suggested its potential as an effective natural antimutagenic
agent. In another study, a non-sulphated polysaccharide was isolated from the ink
sac of squid Ommastrephes bartrami after removal of the melanin granules (Chen
et al. 2008). Chen et al. (2008) explained that a sulphated glycosaminoglycan-like
polysaccharide has been identified in squid ink and is reported to have antibacterial,
antitumour and antiretroviral activities.
More recently, some authors have studied the biological activity of ink. Chen
et al. (2010) report the preparation, characterization and potential biological activities of a chemically sulphated polysaccharide isolated from the ink of the squid O�
bartrami. Similarly, a number of naturally sulphated polysaccharides were reported
to exhibit diverse biological activities. These authors concluded that an ink polysaccharide is a potential candidate compound for the prevention of tumour metastasis. Also Ding et al. (2011) demonstrated the effect of Sepia ink oligopeptides
on growth inhibition and could be a potentially useful adjunct in the treatment of
cancer. Several active components, including a tyrosinase and an ACE inhibitor,
have been identified in cephalopod ink (Chen et al. 2008; Ding et al. 2011). Zong
et al. (2013) studied the SIP isolated by Liu et al. (2008) and demonstrated that the
sulphated form of SIP, SIP-SII, significantly inhibits the metastase in a melanoma
mouse model. The SIP-SII from cuttlefish ink may be used as an anti-metastatic
drug.
8.3 Conclusion and Trend
In conclusion, cephalopod by-products represent a diverse array of biomolecules
with numerous potential valorisations. Abundant studies have been made concerning the opportunity to develop new products by processing cephalopod by-products.
Nevertheless, the major problems to industrialize these developments are:
• Logistical difficulties: Some resources are dispersed and the logistical cost can
be excessive.
• Economic weakness with a competition with other raw materials such as vegetables, algae, etc.
• Supply of raw material.
• Freshness of by-products and regulatory requirements.
Cephalopod by-products must be better considered as raw materials than wastes,
onboard as well as at the processing plants, with the aim of maintaining freshness
of by-products and minimizing the rate of enzymatic degradation and microbial
spoilage, which are higher in by-products such as viscera. For use in high-value applications, preservation and storage of by-products are essential.
There are a lot of high-value molecules to extract from cephalopod by-products.
Some research is needed to optimize processing methods and limit the economic
weakness. In addition, some by-products are used carefully because of their quantities of heavy metals, such as in viscera. Methods to eliminate them are still needed.