238
R. De la Cruz Modino and J.J. Pascual-Fernández
Once again, involving local communities or supporting their will when they clearly
propose a conservation measure, constitute the best foundations for protected areas.
Pure conservation of the natural environment is not the goal pursued by local inhabitants; other goals are always intermingled (Jentoft et al. 2011 ) . In this process, they
can, of course, use the globalization patterns that generalize protected areas in the
sea for their own bene fi t, all the while assuring ecosystem conservation and preserving a way of life with a practical perspective on their own problems. This agenda
should not be regarded as illegitimate; it constitutes an effort to secure a livelihood,
reducing present or future risks. Planners need to take into account the broader,
highly contextual situation that in fl uences people’s lives (Gonzalez and Jentoft
2011 ) ; lives that depend on natural environment factors, but also on many other
circumstances at the same time. This broader perspective is compelling when planning a protected area and evaluating its governability.
References
Alegret, J.L. (1996). Co-management and legitimacy in corporate fi shermen’s organizations.
The confraries de pescadors de Catalunya, Spain. In R.M. Meyer, C. Zhang, M. Windsor,
B. McCay, L. Hushak, R. Muth (Eds.), Fisheries utilization and policy. Proceedings of the
World Fisheries Congress, Theme 2 (pp. 342–348). Oxford: Lib. Pub. Co., Pvt, Ltd.
Bianchi, R.V. (2004). Tourism restructuring and the politics of sustainability: A critical view from
the European periphery (The Canary Islands). Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 12(6), 495–529.
CBD-UNEP (2006). Report of the eighth meeting of the parties to the convention on biological
diversity (Reissued for technical reasons), Curitiba, Brazil. Curitiba: UNEP. Retrieved November
15, 2009, from http://www.cbd.int/doc/meetings/cop/cop-08/of fi cial/cop-08-31-en.pdf
Charles, A.T. (2002). Use rights and responsible fi sheries: Limiting access and harvesting through
rights-based management. In K.L. Cochrane (Ed.), A fi shery manager’s guidebook. Management
measures and their application (pp. 131–157). Fisheries Technical Paper 424. Rome: FAO.
Charles, A., & Wilson, L. (2009). Human dimensions of marine protected areas. ICES Journal of
Marine Science, 66(1), 6–15.
Chuenpagdee, R., & Jentoft, S. (2007). Step zero for fi sheries co-management: What precedes
implementation. Marine Policy, 31(6), 657–668.
Chuenpagdee, R., Fraga, J., Euan-Avila, J.I. (2002). Community perspectives toward a marine
reserve: A case study of San Felipe, Yucatan, Mexico. Coastal Management, 30(2) 183–191.
Committee on the Evaluation Design and Monitoring of Marine Reserves and Protected Areas in
the United States, N. R. C. (2001). Marine protected areas: Tools for sustaining oceans ecosystems. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Cressey, D. (2011). Ocean conservation: Uncertain sanctuary. Nature, 480(7376) 166–167.
De la Cruz Modino, R. (2003). Gestión de los recursos: Turismo, usos y apropiación del patrimonio natural. Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
De la Cruz Modino, R. (2008). Turismo, pesca y gestión de recursos en la Reserva Marina Punta
de La Restinga- Mar de Las Calmas (El Hierro- Islas Canarias) y el Área Natural Protegida de
las Islas Medas (Girona, Cataluña). Tesis Doctoral, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife,
Spain.
De la Cruz Modino, R., & Hernández Barbuzano, I. (2007). Comercialización y distribución de
productos turísticos marinos en El Hierro a través de Internet. La Laguna, Tenerife: Trabajo Fin
de Máster. Universidad de La Laguna, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales.
Máster en Gestión de Empresas Turísticas (MGET) [Sin publicar].
R. De la Cruz Modino and J.J. Pascual-Fernández
Once again, involving local communities or supporting their will when they clearly
propose a conservation measure, constitute the best foundations for protected areas.
Pure conservation of the natural environment is not the goal pursued by local inhabitants; other goals are always intermingled (Jentoft et al. 2011 ) . In this process, they
can, of course, use the globalization patterns that generalize protected areas in the
sea for their own bene fi t, all the while assuring ecosystem conservation and preserving a way of life with a practical perspective on their own problems. This agenda
should not be regarded as illegitimate; it constitutes an effort to secure a livelihood,
reducing present or future risks. Planners need to take into account the broader,
highly contextual situation that in fl uences people’s lives (Gonzalez and Jentoft
2011 ) ; lives that depend on natural environment factors, but also on many other
circumstances at the same time. This broader perspective is compelling when planning a protected area and evaluating its governability.
References
Alegret, J.L. (1996). Co-management and legitimacy in corporate fi shermen’s organizations.
The confraries de pescadors de Catalunya, Spain. In R.M. Meyer, C. Zhang, M. Windsor,
B. McCay, L. Hushak, R. Muth (Eds.), Fisheries utilization and policy. Proceedings of the
World Fisheries Congress, Theme 2 (pp. 342–348). Oxford: Lib. Pub. Co., Pvt, Ltd.
Bianchi, R.V. (2004). Tourism restructuring and the politics of sustainability: A critical view from
the European periphery (The Canary Islands). Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 12(6), 495–529.
CBD-UNEP (2006). Report of the eighth meeting of the parties to the convention on biological
diversity (Reissued for technical reasons), Curitiba, Brazil. Curitiba: UNEP. Retrieved November
15, 2009, from http://www.cbd.int/doc/meetings/cop/cop-08/of fi cial/cop-08-31-en.pdf
Charles, A.T. (2002). Use rights and responsible fi sheries: Limiting access and harvesting through
rights-based management. In K.L. Cochrane (Ed.), A fi shery manager’s guidebook. Management
measures and their application (pp. 131–157). Fisheries Technical Paper 424. Rome: FAO.
Charles, A., & Wilson, L. (2009). Human dimensions of marine protected areas. ICES Journal of
Marine Science, 66(1), 6–15.
Chuenpagdee, R., & Jentoft, S. (2007). Step zero for fi sheries co-management: What precedes
implementation. Marine Policy, 31(6), 657–668.
Chuenpagdee, R., Fraga, J., Euan-Avila, J.I. (2002). Community perspectives toward a marine
reserve: A case study of San Felipe, Yucatan, Mexico. Coastal Management, 30(2) 183–191.
Committee on the Evaluation Design and Monitoring of Marine Reserves and Protected Areas in
the United States, N. R. C. (2001). Marine protected areas: Tools for sustaining oceans ecosystems. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Cressey, D. (2011). Ocean conservation: Uncertain sanctuary. Nature, 480(7376) 166–167.
De la Cruz Modino, R. (2003). Gestión de los recursos: Turismo, usos y apropiación del patrimonio natural. Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
De la Cruz Modino, R. (2008). Turismo, pesca y gestión de recursos en la Reserva Marina Punta
de La Restinga- Mar de Las Calmas (El Hierro- Islas Canarias) y el Área Natural Protegida de
las Islas Medas (Girona, Cataluña). Tesis Doctoral, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife,
Spain.
De la Cruz Modino, R., & Hernández Barbuzano, I. (2007). Comercialización y distribución de
productos turísticos marinos en El Hierro a través de Internet. La Laguna, Tenerife: Trabajo Fin
de Máster. Universidad de La Laguna, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales.
Máster en Gestión de Empresas Turísticas (MGET) [Sin publicar].