Wastewater, Volumes and Composition
Component
Of special interest
Environmental effect
Micro-organisms
Pathogenic bacteria, virus and worms
Risik when bathing and eating shellfish
eggs
Biodegradable organic materials
Oxygen depletion in rivers, lakes and
fjords
Other organic materials
Detergents, pesticides, fat, oil and grease,
Toxic effect, aesthetic inconveniences,
colouring, solvents, phenol, cyanide
bio accumulation
Nutrients
Nitrogen, phosphorus, ammonia
Eutrophication, oxygen depletion, toxic
effect
Metals
Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni
Toxic effect, bio accumulation
Other inorganic materials
Acids, for example hydrogen sulphide,
Corrosion, toxic effect
bases
Thermal effects
Hot water
Changing living conditions for flora
and fauna
Odour (and taste)
Hydrogen sulphide
Aesthetic inconveniences, toxic effect
Radioactivity
Toxic effect accumulation
Tablel.5
Components in wastewater, partly according to /15/
1.2.1 Domestic wastewater/municipal wastewater
The daily or yearly polluting load per capita may form a good basis for an evaluation
of the composition of wastewater. Table 1.6 shows the figures for different countries.
Many of the figures are estimates. The composition of domestic wastewater and
municipal wastewater varies significantly both in terms of place and time. This is partly
due to variations in the discharged amounts of substances. However, the main reason
is variations in water consumption, infiltration and exfiltration. The composition of
typical domestic wastewater I municipal wastewater is shown in Tables 1.7, 1.8, 1.9 and
1.12. Concentrated wastewater represent cases with low water consumption and/or
infiltration. Dilute wastewater represents high water consumption and/ or infiltration.
Country
~
li
>,
j
ij
~
"'
~
-~
"il
J.l
s
Pollutant
N
~
<
. . "" ]
~
~
~
!B
8
&s
"'
~
BOD
20-25
20-25
10-15
10-15
18-22
25-30
10-15
20-25
30-35
20-25
ss
30-35
20-25
15-25
20-30
30-35
15-25
15-20
30-35
30-35
~
N·total
5-7
3-5
3-5
3-5
4-6
3-5
3-5
5-7
4-6
~
P-total
1.5-2
0.6-1
0.4.().6
0.6·1
0.8-1.2
0.4.().6
0.4.().6
1.5-2
1.2-1.6
...._
""
0.5-1
0.3-0.5
0.5-1
0.7·1.0
o.3-o.5
0.8-1.2
0.7-1.0
-"
Detergents
0.8-1.2
-
Phenols
10-20
3-10
3-10
3-10
Hg
0.1.().2
0.01.().2
0.02..().04 0.1.().2 0.01..().02
~ Pb
5-10
5-10
5-10
5-10
5-10
§
~
Cr
2-4
2-4
2-4
0.5-1.5
2-4
. . Zn
15-30
15-30
15-30
10-20
15-30
.&
...._
""
Cd
0.2.().4
0.5.().7
Ni
2-4
0.5-1.0
May be repeated generally:
COD = (2-2.5) x BOD
VSS = (0.7..().8) X 5S
Nfu-N = (0.6..().7) x N-total
Table1.6
Pollution load related to persons. For example based on /2/ /3/ /5/ /16/,/17 I /18/
27
Component
Of special interest
Environmental effect
Micro-organisms
Pathogenic bacteria, virus and worms
Risik when bathing and eating shellfish
eggs
Biodegradable organic materials
Oxygen depletion in rivers, lakes and
fjords
Other organic materials
Detergents, pesticides, fat, oil and grease,
Toxic effect, aesthetic inconveniences,
colouring, solvents, phenol, cyanide
bio accumulation
Nutrients
Nitrogen, phosphorus, ammonia
Eutrophication, oxygen depletion, toxic
effect
Metals
Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni
Toxic effect, bio accumulation
Other inorganic materials
Acids, for example hydrogen sulphide,
Corrosion, toxic effect
bases
Thermal effects
Hot water
Changing living conditions for flora
and fauna
Odour (and taste)
Hydrogen sulphide
Aesthetic inconveniences, toxic effect
Radioactivity
Toxic effect accumulation
Tablel.5
Components in wastewater, partly according to /15/
1.2.1 Domestic wastewater/municipal wastewater
The daily or yearly polluting load per capita may form a good basis for an evaluation
of the composition of wastewater. Table 1.6 shows the figures for different countries.
Many of the figures are estimates. The composition of domestic wastewater and
municipal wastewater varies significantly both in terms of place and time. This is partly
due to variations in the discharged amounts of substances. However, the main reason
is variations in water consumption, infiltration and exfiltration. The composition of
typical domestic wastewater I municipal wastewater is shown in Tables 1.7, 1.8, 1.9 and
1.12. Concentrated wastewater represent cases with low water consumption and/or
infiltration. Dilute wastewater represents high water consumption and/ or infiltration.
Country
~
li
>,
j
ij
~
"'
~
-~
"il
J.l
s
Pollutant
N
~
<
. . "" ]
~
~
~
!B
8
&s
"'
~
BOD
20-25
20-25
10-15
10-15
18-22
25-30
10-15
20-25
30-35
20-25
ss
30-35
20-25
15-25
20-30
30-35
15-25
15-20
30-35
30-35
~
N·total
5-7
3-5
3-5
3-5
4-6
3-5
3-5
5-7
4-6
~
P-total
1.5-2
0.6-1
0.4.().6
0.6·1
0.8-1.2
0.4.().6
0.4.().6
1.5-2
1.2-1.6
...._
""
0.5-1
0.3-0.5
0.5-1
0.7·1.0
o.3-o.5
0.8-1.2
0.7-1.0
-"
Detergents
0.8-1.2
-
Phenols
10-20
3-10
3-10
3-10
Hg
0.1.().2
0.01.().2
0.02..().04 0.1.().2 0.01..().02
~ Pb
5-10
5-10
5-10
5-10
5-10
§
~
Cr
2-4
2-4
2-4
0.5-1.5
2-4
. . Zn
15-30
15-30
15-30
10-20
15-30
.&
...._
""
Cd
0.2.().4
0.5.().7
Ni
2-4
0.5-1.0
May be repeated generally:
COD = (2-2.5) x BOD
VSS = (0.7..().8) X 5S
Nfu-N = (0.6..().7) x N-total
Table1.6
Pollution load related to persons. For example based on /2/ /3/ /5/ /16/,/17 I /18/
27