5. Boehm AB, Van De Werfhorst LC, Griffith JF, Holden PA, Jay JA, Shanks OC, Wang D,
Weisberg SB (2013) Performance of forty-one microbial source tracking methods: a twentyseven lab evaluation study. Water Res 47:6812–6828
6. Griffith JF, Layton BA, Boehm AB, Holden PA, Jay JA, Hagedorn C, McGee CD, Weisberg
SB (2013) The California microbial source identification manual: a tiered approach to
identifying fecal pollution sources to beaches. Southern California Coastal Water Research
Project technical report 0804, p 88. http://ftp.sccwrp.org/pub/download/DOCUMENTS/
TechnicalReports/804_SIPP_MST_ManualPag.pdf. Accessed 15 July 2014
7. Dorfman M, Rpsselot KS (2010) Testing the waters: a guide to water quality at vacation
beaches. Natural Resources Defense Council, Washington DC, p 44
8. Beach D (2002) Coastal sprawl: the effects of urban design on aquatic ecosystems in the
United States. Pew Oceans Commission, Arlington, p 40
9. Dorfman M, Stoner N (2007) Testing the waters: a guide to water quality at vacation beaches.
Natural Resources Defense Council, Washington DC, p 377
10. Dorfman M, Rosselot KS (2008) Testing the waters: a guide to water quality at vacation
beaches. Natural Resources Defense Council, New York, p 447
11. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) (2005) Welfare estimates for
five scenarios of water quality change in Southern California: a report from the Southern
California Beach Valuation Project, Washington DC, p 32
12. Given S, Pendleton LH, Boehm AB (2006) Regional public health cost estimates of contaminated coastal waters: a case study of gastroenteritis at southern California beaches. Environ
Sci Technol 40(16):4851–4858
13. Allender-Hagedorn S (2011) Community analysis-based methods. In: Hagedorn C, Blanch A,
Harwood VJ (eds) Microbial source tracking: methods, applications, and case studies.
Springer, New York, pp 283–300
14. Fleisher J, Kay D, Wyer MD, Godfree AF (1998) Estimates of the severity of illnesses
associated with bathing in marine recreational waters contaminated with domestic sewage.
Int J Epidemiol 27:722–726
15. Turbow DJ, Osgood ND, Jiang SC (2003) Evaluation of recreational health risk in coastal
waters based on enterococcus densities and bathing patterns. Environ Health Perspect 111
(4):598–603
16. Yamahara KM, Sassoubre LM, Goodwin KD, Boehm AB (2012) Occurrence and persistence
of human pathogens and indicator organisms in beach sands along the California coast. Appl
Environ Microbiol 78:1733–1745
17. Haile RW, Witte JS, Gold M, Cressey R, McGee C, Millikan RC, Glasser A, Harawa N,
Ervin C, Harmon P, Harper J, Dermand J, Alamillo J, Barrett K, Nides M, Wang G (1999)
The health effects of swimming in ocean water contaminated by storm drain runoff. Epidemiology 10(4):355–363
18. Savichtcheva O, Okabe S (2006) Alternative indicators of fecal pollution: relations with
pathogens and conventional indicators, current methodologies for direct pathogen monitoring
and future application perspectives. Water Res 40:2463–2476
19. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2005) Microbial source tracking guide document.
EPA/600-R-05-064. Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati
20. Van De Werfhorst LS, Sercu B, Holden PA (2011) Comparison of the host specificities of two
Bacteroidales quantitative PCR assays used for tracking human fecal contamination. Appl
Environ Microbiol 77(17):6258–6260
21. Cabelli VJ, Dufour AP, McCabe LJ, Levin MA (1982) Swimming-associated gastroenteritis
and water quality. Am J Epidemiol 115(4):606–616
22. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2009) Review of published studies to characterize
relative risks from different sources of fecal contamination in recreational water. EPA 822-R09-001. Office of Water, Washington DC
Microbial Source Tracking: Advances in Research and a Guide to Application
283
Weisberg SB (2013) Performance of forty-one microbial source tracking methods: a twentyseven lab evaluation study. Water Res 47:6812–6828
6. Griffith JF, Layton BA, Boehm AB, Holden PA, Jay JA, Hagedorn C, McGee CD, Weisberg
SB (2013) The California microbial source identification manual: a tiered approach to
identifying fecal pollution sources to beaches. Southern California Coastal Water Research
Project technical report 0804, p 88. http://ftp.sccwrp.org/pub/download/DOCUMENTS/
TechnicalReports/804_SIPP_MST_ManualPag.pdf. Accessed 15 July 2014
7. Dorfman M, Rpsselot KS (2010) Testing the waters: a guide to water quality at vacation
beaches. Natural Resources Defense Council, Washington DC, p 44
8. Beach D (2002) Coastal sprawl: the effects of urban design on aquatic ecosystems in the
United States. Pew Oceans Commission, Arlington, p 40
9. Dorfman M, Stoner N (2007) Testing the waters: a guide to water quality at vacation beaches.
Natural Resources Defense Council, Washington DC, p 377
10. Dorfman M, Rosselot KS (2008) Testing the waters: a guide to water quality at vacation
beaches. Natural Resources Defense Council, New York, p 447
11. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) (2005) Welfare estimates for
five scenarios of water quality change in Southern California: a report from the Southern
California Beach Valuation Project, Washington DC, p 32
12. Given S, Pendleton LH, Boehm AB (2006) Regional public health cost estimates of contaminated coastal waters: a case study of gastroenteritis at southern California beaches. Environ
Sci Technol 40(16):4851–4858
13. Allender-Hagedorn S (2011) Community analysis-based methods. In: Hagedorn C, Blanch A,
Harwood VJ (eds) Microbial source tracking: methods, applications, and case studies.
Springer, New York, pp 283–300
14. Fleisher J, Kay D, Wyer MD, Godfree AF (1998) Estimates of the severity of illnesses
associated with bathing in marine recreational waters contaminated with domestic sewage.
Int J Epidemiol 27:722–726
15. Turbow DJ, Osgood ND, Jiang SC (2003) Evaluation of recreational health risk in coastal
waters based on enterococcus densities and bathing patterns. Environ Health Perspect 111
(4):598–603
16. Yamahara KM, Sassoubre LM, Goodwin KD, Boehm AB (2012) Occurrence and persistence
of human pathogens and indicator organisms in beach sands along the California coast. Appl
Environ Microbiol 78:1733–1745
17. Haile RW, Witte JS, Gold M, Cressey R, McGee C, Millikan RC, Glasser A, Harawa N,
Ervin C, Harmon P, Harper J, Dermand J, Alamillo J, Barrett K, Nides M, Wang G (1999)
The health effects of swimming in ocean water contaminated by storm drain runoff. Epidemiology 10(4):355–363
18. Savichtcheva O, Okabe S (2006) Alternative indicators of fecal pollution: relations with
pathogens and conventional indicators, current methodologies for direct pathogen monitoring
and future application perspectives. Water Res 40:2463–2476
19. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2005) Microbial source tracking guide document.
EPA/600-R-05-064. Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati
20. Van De Werfhorst LS, Sercu B, Holden PA (2011) Comparison of the host specificities of two
Bacteroidales quantitative PCR assays used for tracking human fecal contamination. Appl
Environ Microbiol 77(17):6258–6260
21. Cabelli VJ, Dufour AP, McCabe LJ, Levin MA (1982) Swimming-associated gastroenteritis
and water quality. Am J Epidemiol 115(4):606–616
22. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2009) Review of published studies to characterize
relative risks from different sources of fecal contamination in recreational water. EPA 822-R09-001. Office of Water, Washington DC
Microbial Source Tracking: Advances in Research and a Guide to Application
283