432
Trichocerca sp., Daphnia sp., Moina sp.,
Alona sp., Chydorus sp ., Dadaya sp.,
Cyclops sp ., Diaptomus sp., etc., as abundant
plankton species. In Satkarakandi Anua, 32
valid ichthyospecies belonging to 16 families and 8 orders have been recorded.
12. Deepor Beel is a signifi cant Ramsar wetland
in Northeast India.
13. The other wetlands of Assam, described in
this treatise, have tropical climate with water
temperature 15–38 °C, pH 6.2–7.8, DO 3.5–
6.8 mg/l, FCO 2 0.23–3.2 mg/l and TA
56–124 mg/l; soil temperature 18–28 °C and
soil pH 5.2–6.7, on the average; abundant
planktonic forms like Nostoc, Anabaena,
Oscillatoria, Spirogyra, Volvox, Euglena,
Ankistrodesmus, Closterium, Cosmarium,
Phacus, Ceratium, Pinnularia, Navicula and
Gyrosigma ; abundant zooplanktonic forms,
like Centropyxis, Brachionus, Keratella,
Lecane, Trichocerca, Filinia, Daphnia,
Ceriodaphnia, Macrothrix, Simocephalus,
Dadaya, Pleuroxus, Cyclops and Diaptomus;
abundant AM species like Eicchornia
crassipes, Hydrilla verticillata, Vallisneria
spiralis, Nymphoides, indicum and N. cristatum ; and abundant fi sh species like Puntius
spp., Chanda nama, Glossogobius giuris,
Mastacembelus armatus, Macrognathus
pancalus and M. aculeatus .
14. In Mizoram, Tum Dil wetland (locally called
Tum Dil Lake) is under the joint management of departments of Fisheries and
Tourism of the Govt. of Mizoram, and the
land use pattern involves mainly pisciculture, horticulture and tourism. Rih Dil and
Polok Dil are also important wetlands having
signifi cant features.
15. In Tripura, the signifi cant wetland
Rudrasagar is managed by the fi shermen’s
cooperative society called ‘Rudra Sagar
Udbastu Samavay Samiti’. On the other
hand, the Kurti Beel has reached almost the
climax of siltation and eutrophication.
Jagannath Dighi and Amar Sagar wetlands
are signifi cant from fi shery point of view.
16. In Manipur, the famous Loktak Lake is said
to be the only ‘fl oating lake’ in the world due
to the fl oating phumdis on it. The Keibul
Lamjao National Park , situated in the southeastern region of this lake, is the only natural
refuge of the endangered ‘Manipur browantlered deer’ locally known as the Sangai .
Loktak serves as a source of water for hydropower generation, irrigation and drinking
water supply. Further, the Awangsoi Lake
has rich biotic diversity. The Utra and Oinam
lakes have AM 52 and 50 species and fi sh 35
and 55 species, respectively.
17. In Meghalaya, the Umiam Lake and the
Ward Lake are the signifi cant lentic bodies.
The Umiam Lake is an artifi cial reservoir
(commonly called lake) which was constructed by damming the Umiam River in the
early 1960s mainly for generation of hydel
power. The lake also provides a large number
of ecosystem services at micro and macro
levels. Irrigation at the foothills, exploitation
of lake fi shes and providing drinking water
to the local people are the enormous usefulness of the lake. Concomitantly, the Wards
Lake is an artifi cial lake surrounded by a
fairly large garden. Boating facilities are
available in the lake. It has a typical wooden
bridge at the middle. There are many lotus
plants with leaves on either side of the lake.
There are said to be many ornamental fi shes
in the lake.
18. In Arunachal Pradesh, there are mainly highaltitude lentic bodies. The Ganga Lake is a
perennial lentic body in which piscicultural
programme was started during 1976–1977.
The lake is a habitat for some of the wetland
birds fl ying from India to China and other
parts of SE Asia.
19. In Nagaland, Shilloi Lake (Lachem Lake) is
a natural lake in the valley surrounded with
pine forest and has interesting landscape. It
lies on the lower slopes of the hill ranges
running along the Myanmar border. Further,
a lake, called Dzudu Lake, lies (almost
undisturbed) in the Zanibu mountain range.
20. In Sikkim, most of the lentic bodies are situated on the high altitudes of the Himalayas.
The premier lakes of Sikkim are Changu
(Tsomgo), Khecheopalri, Gurudongmar,
20 Wetlands of India
Trichocerca sp., Daphnia sp., Moina sp.,
Alona sp., Chydorus sp ., Dadaya sp.,
Cyclops sp ., Diaptomus sp., etc., as abundant
plankton species. In Satkarakandi Anua, 32
valid ichthyospecies belonging to 16 families and 8 orders have been recorded.
12. Deepor Beel is a signifi cant Ramsar wetland
in Northeast India.
13. The other wetlands of Assam, described in
this treatise, have tropical climate with water
temperature 15–38 °C, pH 6.2–7.8, DO 3.5–
6.8 mg/l, FCO 2 0.23–3.2 mg/l and TA
56–124 mg/l; soil temperature 18–28 °C and
soil pH 5.2–6.7, on the average; abundant
planktonic forms like Nostoc, Anabaena,
Oscillatoria, Spirogyra, Volvox, Euglena,
Ankistrodesmus, Closterium, Cosmarium,
Phacus, Ceratium, Pinnularia, Navicula and
Gyrosigma ; abundant zooplanktonic forms,
like Centropyxis, Brachionus, Keratella,
Lecane, Trichocerca, Filinia, Daphnia,
Ceriodaphnia, Macrothrix, Simocephalus,
Dadaya, Pleuroxus, Cyclops and Diaptomus;
abundant AM species like Eicchornia
crassipes, Hydrilla verticillata, Vallisneria
spiralis, Nymphoides, indicum and N. cristatum ; and abundant fi sh species like Puntius
spp., Chanda nama, Glossogobius giuris,
Mastacembelus armatus, Macrognathus
pancalus and M. aculeatus .
14. In Mizoram, Tum Dil wetland (locally called
Tum Dil Lake) is under the joint management of departments of Fisheries and
Tourism of the Govt. of Mizoram, and the
land use pattern involves mainly pisciculture, horticulture and tourism. Rih Dil and
Polok Dil are also important wetlands having
signifi cant features.
15. In Tripura, the signifi cant wetland
Rudrasagar is managed by the fi shermen’s
cooperative society called ‘Rudra Sagar
Udbastu Samavay Samiti’. On the other
hand, the Kurti Beel has reached almost the
climax of siltation and eutrophication.
Jagannath Dighi and Amar Sagar wetlands
are signifi cant from fi shery point of view.
16. In Manipur, the famous Loktak Lake is said
to be the only ‘fl oating lake’ in the world due
to the fl oating phumdis on it. The Keibul
Lamjao National Park , situated in the southeastern region of this lake, is the only natural
refuge of the endangered ‘Manipur browantlered deer’ locally known as the Sangai .
Loktak serves as a source of water for hydropower generation, irrigation and drinking
water supply. Further, the Awangsoi Lake
has rich biotic diversity. The Utra and Oinam
lakes have AM 52 and 50 species and fi sh 35
and 55 species, respectively.
17. In Meghalaya, the Umiam Lake and the
Ward Lake are the signifi cant lentic bodies.
The Umiam Lake is an artifi cial reservoir
(commonly called lake) which was constructed by damming the Umiam River in the
early 1960s mainly for generation of hydel
power. The lake also provides a large number
of ecosystem services at micro and macro
levels. Irrigation at the foothills, exploitation
of lake fi shes and providing drinking water
to the local people are the enormous usefulness of the lake. Concomitantly, the Wards
Lake is an artifi cial lake surrounded by a
fairly large garden. Boating facilities are
available in the lake. It has a typical wooden
bridge at the middle. There are many lotus
plants with leaves on either side of the lake.
There are said to be many ornamental fi shes
in the lake.
18. In Arunachal Pradesh, there are mainly highaltitude lentic bodies. The Ganga Lake is a
perennial lentic body in which piscicultural
programme was started during 1976–1977.
The lake is a habitat for some of the wetland
birds fl ying from India to China and other
parts of SE Asia.
19. In Nagaland, Shilloi Lake (Lachem Lake) is
a natural lake in the valley surrounded with
pine forest and has interesting landscape. It
lies on the lower slopes of the hill ranges
running along the Myanmar border. Further,
a lake, called Dzudu Lake, lies (almost
undisturbed) in the Zanibu mountain range.
20. In Sikkim, most of the lentic bodies are situated on the high altitudes of the Himalayas.
The premier lakes of Sikkim are Changu
(Tsomgo), Khecheopalri, Gurudongmar,
20 Wetlands of India