403
Fauna
The two lakes support a rich diversity of fl ora and
fauna. Certain birds like white stork, blacknecked stork, bar-headed goose and spoonbill
had been less abundant in the past. They have
started re-appearing. A recent gathering of 100–
120 sarus cranes in the lake is one of the largest
sarus cranes congregations in India. Further, 105
species of zooplankton (comprising 41 species of
Rotifera, 10 species of Protozoa, 14 species of
Cladocera, 5 species of Copepoda, 9 species of
Ostracoda), 98 species of insects (Coleoptera 11
and Diptera 25), 43 species (natural and cultured)
of fi sh, 27 species of birds and more than 10 species of amphibians and reptiles (including 5
species of tortoise) have been recorded in this
wetland.
20.3.10.3 Rampur Reservoir of Guna
District (MP)
It lies between 24° 47′ N and 77°10′ E. It is situated at a distance of 34 miles (56.66 km) from
Guna City of MP. This reservoir is one of the
important artifi cial waterbodies of Guna used for
pisciculture. It has a catchment area of approx.
102 miles
2 . It is a part of Chambal Jamuna Basin.
It irrigates the riparian villages. The reservoir has
the following physico-chemical characteristics of
water: temperature 19.2–31.4 °C, transparency
12.9–42 cm, pH 7.7–8.6, DO 3–8.9 mg/l, free
CO 2 3.9–10.2 mg/l and alkalinity 65–110 mg/l.
20.3.10.4 Govindgarh Lake in Rewa, MP
It lies between 24° 24′ and 24° 25′ N and 81° 15′
and 81° 20′ E, about 21 km from Rewa City in
Rewa District of MP. This artifi cial lake had been
constructed since 1856, and its extension was
completed in 1976 through erection of a 5.23-kmlong and 12.19-m-high earthen dam, which
extended the area of the lake from earlier 64 ha to
307 ha. The major infl ow, the River Khandonala,
originates from the Kemur Hills. The full storage
(FSL), live storage (LSL) and dead storage (DSL)
capacity of the lake are 11.96, 8.69 and 3.26 million m
3
, respectively, while its maximum and
average depths are 11.95 and 6.12 m, respectively. The water is used mainly for irrigation and
pisciculture. The annual rainfall may vary from
107 to 1,250 mm. The physico-chemical characteristics of water showed temperature 18.1–
30.5 °C; transparency generally quite high at all
seasons; pH generally constant from 8.0 to 8.2;
DO 3.06–12.10 mg/l; FCO 2 shows a fl uctuating
trend of 0.88–5.54 mg/l; TA 25.92–41.50 mg/l;
nitrate and phosphate contents are generally very
poor; silicates are fl uctuating, but often fairly
good. Further, the phytoplankton constituted c
88 % of the total plankton; and, as such, played a
major role in determining the pattern of fl uctuations in the yield of total plankton. Myxophyceae,
Chlorophyceae,
Dinophyceae
and
Bacillariophyceae are generally represented in
Phytoplankton of the lake. Zooplankton, conversely, constitute c 12.14 % of the total plankton
and are represented mainly by protozoans, rotifers, cladocerans and copepods. Diatoms and
rotifers dominate the phytoplankton and zooplankton, respectively. In addition, the total fi sh
production of the lake was 3.298 metric tonnes
(12.8 kg/ha). The low TA values are, perhaps, the
main adversities for relatively low productivity of
the lake. Nevertheless, growth of fi shes is generally satisfactory. Catla catla up to 40 kg had been
recorded in the commercial catches. Also, the
limnological features of the lake indicate the possibility for an increased fi sh production, if scientifi cally managed (Mathew 1972 ).
20.3.10.5 Doodhadhari Lake
This is a small partly artifi cial FW eutrophic lentic body situated in Raipur in Chhattisgarh (CG)
(earlier Madhya Pradesh) province in India. Its
area varied from 0.210 km
2 at FSL to 0.207 km
2
(at DSL). The maximum depth is generally little
>5.25 m, but the water level varies by 1.4 m during the annual seasonal cycle. A good deal of the
bottom of the lake is exposed before monsoon
begins in June. Physico-chemical study showed
surface temperature generally varying from 16.0
to 35.0 °C, pH from 7.5 to 9.6 (the pH, however,
may rise to 10.0 though very occasionally), DO
generally 2.3–6.3 mg/l and its stratifi cation
almost throughout the entire lake, FCO 2
0–20 mg/l and with a HCO 3 alkalinity of 110–
200 mg/l, showing that the water is quite hard
(Unni 1972 ).
20.3 Wetlands of Other Regions in India
Fauna
The two lakes support a rich diversity of fl ora and
fauna. Certain birds like white stork, blacknecked stork, bar-headed goose and spoonbill
had been less abundant in the past. They have
started re-appearing. A recent gathering of 100–
120 sarus cranes in the lake is one of the largest
sarus cranes congregations in India. Further, 105
species of zooplankton (comprising 41 species of
Rotifera, 10 species of Protozoa, 14 species of
Cladocera, 5 species of Copepoda, 9 species of
Ostracoda), 98 species of insects (Coleoptera 11
and Diptera 25), 43 species (natural and cultured)
of fi sh, 27 species of birds and more than 10 species of amphibians and reptiles (including 5
species of tortoise) have been recorded in this
wetland.
20.3.10.3 Rampur Reservoir of Guna
District (MP)
It lies between 24° 47′ N and 77°10′ E. It is situated at a distance of 34 miles (56.66 km) from
Guna City of MP. This reservoir is one of the
important artifi cial waterbodies of Guna used for
pisciculture. It has a catchment area of approx.
102 miles
2 . It is a part of Chambal Jamuna Basin.
It irrigates the riparian villages. The reservoir has
the following physico-chemical characteristics of
water: temperature 19.2–31.4 °C, transparency
12.9–42 cm, pH 7.7–8.6, DO 3–8.9 mg/l, free
CO 2 3.9–10.2 mg/l and alkalinity 65–110 mg/l.
20.3.10.4 Govindgarh Lake in Rewa, MP
It lies between 24° 24′ and 24° 25′ N and 81° 15′
and 81° 20′ E, about 21 km from Rewa City in
Rewa District of MP. This artifi cial lake had been
constructed since 1856, and its extension was
completed in 1976 through erection of a 5.23-kmlong and 12.19-m-high earthen dam, which
extended the area of the lake from earlier 64 ha to
307 ha. The major infl ow, the River Khandonala,
originates from the Kemur Hills. The full storage
(FSL), live storage (LSL) and dead storage (DSL)
capacity of the lake are 11.96, 8.69 and 3.26 million m
3
, respectively, while its maximum and
average depths are 11.95 and 6.12 m, respectively. The water is used mainly for irrigation and
pisciculture. The annual rainfall may vary from
107 to 1,250 mm. The physico-chemical characteristics of water showed temperature 18.1–
30.5 °C; transparency generally quite high at all
seasons; pH generally constant from 8.0 to 8.2;
DO 3.06–12.10 mg/l; FCO 2 shows a fl uctuating
trend of 0.88–5.54 mg/l; TA 25.92–41.50 mg/l;
nitrate and phosphate contents are generally very
poor; silicates are fl uctuating, but often fairly
good. Further, the phytoplankton constituted c
88 % of the total plankton; and, as such, played a
major role in determining the pattern of fl uctuations in the yield of total plankton. Myxophyceae,
Chlorophyceae,
Dinophyceae
and
Bacillariophyceae are generally represented in
Phytoplankton of the lake. Zooplankton, conversely, constitute c 12.14 % of the total plankton
and are represented mainly by protozoans, rotifers, cladocerans and copepods. Diatoms and
rotifers dominate the phytoplankton and zooplankton, respectively. In addition, the total fi sh
production of the lake was 3.298 metric tonnes
(12.8 kg/ha). The low TA values are, perhaps, the
main adversities for relatively low productivity of
the lake. Nevertheless, growth of fi shes is generally satisfactory. Catla catla up to 40 kg had been
recorded in the commercial catches. Also, the
limnological features of the lake indicate the possibility for an increased fi sh production, if scientifi cally managed (Mathew 1972 ).
20.3.10.5 Doodhadhari Lake
This is a small partly artifi cial FW eutrophic lentic body situated in Raipur in Chhattisgarh (CG)
(earlier Madhya Pradesh) province in India. Its
area varied from 0.210 km
2 at FSL to 0.207 km
2
(at DSL). The maximum depth is generally little
>5.25 m, but the water level varies by 1.4 m during the annual seasonal cycle. A good deal of the
bottom of the lake is exposed before monsoon
begins in June. Physico-chemical study showed
surface temperature generally varying from 16.0
to 35.0 °C, pH from 7.5 to 9.6 (the pH, however,
may rise to 10.0 though very occasionally), DO
generally 2.3–6.3 mg/l and its stratifi cation
almost throughout the entire lake, FCO 2
0–20 mg/l and with a HCO 3 alkalinity of 110–
200 mg/l, showing that the water is quite hard
(Unni 1972 ).
20.3 Wetlands of Other Regions in India