xxii
8.5.5 The AM of the Lakes of Finland ............................ 172
8.5.6 AM of the Lakes of Yugoslavia ............................. 172
8.5.7 AM of Lakes Mendota, Wisconsin and Green
of the USA ............................................................. 173
8.5.8 AM of Lake Victoria .............................................. 173
8.5.9 AM of Lake Tanganyika ........................................ 173
8.5.10 AM of the Lakes of New Zealand (NZ) ................. 173
8.5.11 Distribution and Zonation
in Various Kinds of Lakes ...................................... 174
Suggested Readings ........................................................................ 174
9 Other Organisms in the Lakes ..................................................... 177
9.1 Plankton ............................................................................... 177
9.2 Seston ................................................................................... 177
9.3 Tripton .................................................................................. 178
9.4 Fringing Communities ......................................................... 178
9.5 Benthos ................................................................................ 178
9.6 Insects of Inland Waters ....................................................... 179
9.6.1 Aquatic Life and Life History ................................ 179
9.6.2 Food of Aquatic Insects ......................................... 179
9.6.3 Importance of Detritus ........................................... 180
9.7 Insects at Play ...................................................................... 180
9.7.1 Mating Games ........................................................ 180
9.7.2 Surface Activity ..................................................... 180
9.7.3 Underwater Song ................................................... 181
9.7.4 Respiration and Life History .................................. 181
Suggested Readings ........................................................................ 181
10 Strategies for Survival of Aquatic Organisms ............................ 183
10.1 Feeding ................................................................................. 183
10.2 Clones and Modular Colonies .............................................. 183
10.3 Dispersal .............................................................................. 184
10.4 Parental Investment per Offspring ....................................... 184
Suggested Readings ........................................................................ 184
11 Wetlands in the Landscape: Their History,
Defi nitions, Origin and Evolution ................................................ 185
11.1 Human History and Wetlands .............................................. 186
11.2 Wetland Science and Wetland Scientists.............................. 187
11.3 The Wetland Scientifi c Literature:
Literary Reference to Wetlands ............................................ 189
11.3.1 The Wetland Scientifi c Literature .......................... 189
11.4 Distinguishing Features of Wetlands ................................... 190
11.5 Comparison of Wetlands with Terrestrial
and Aquatic Systems ............................................................ 190
11.6 The Diffi culty of Defi ning Wetlands .................................... 191
11.7 Defi nitions of Wetlands ........................................................ 192
11.7.1 Formal Defi nitions ................................................. 193
11.7.2 Scientifi c Defi nitions .............................................. 193
Contents
8.5.5 The AM of the Lakes of Finland ............................ 172
8.5.6 AM of the Lakes of Yugoslavia ............................. 172
8.5.7 AM of Lakes Mendota, Wisconsin and Green
of the USA ............................................................. 173
8.5.8 AM of Lake Victoria .............................................. 173
8.5.9 AM of Lake Tanganyika ........................................ 173
8.5.10 AM of the Lakes of New Zealand (NZ) ................. 173
8.5.11 Distribution and Zonation
in Various Kinds of Lakes ...................................... 174
Suggested Readings ........................................................................ 174
9 Other Organisms in the Lakes ..................................................... 177
9.1 Plankton ............................................................................... 177
9.2 Seston ................................................................................... 177
9.3 Tripton .................................................................................. 178
9.4 Fringing Communities ......................................................... 178
9.5 Benthos ................................................................................ 178
9.6 Insects of Inland Waters ....................................................... 179
9.6.1 Aquatic Life and Life History ................................ 179
9.6.2 Food of Aquatic Insects ......................................... 179
9.6.3 Importance of Detritus ........................................... 180
9.7 Insects at Play ...................................................................... 180
9.7.1 Mating Games ........................................................ 180
9.7.2 Surface Activity ..................................................... 180
9.7.3 Underwater Song ................................................... 181
9.7.4 Respiration and Life History .................................. 181
Suggested Readings ........................................................................ 181
10 Strategies for Survival of Aquatic Organisms ............................ 183
10.1 Feeding ................................................................................. 183
10.2 Clones and Modular Colonies .............................................. 183
10.3 Dispersal .............................................................................. 184
10.4 Parental Investment per Offspring ....................................... 184
Suggested Readings ........................................................................ 184
11 Wetlands in the Landscape: Their History,
Defi nitions, Origin and Evolution ................................................ 185
11.1 Human History and Wetlands .............................................. 186
11.2 Wetland Science and Wetland Scientists.............................. 187
11.3 The Wetland Scientifi c Literature:
Literary Reference to Wetlands ............................................ 189
11.3.1 The Wetland Scientifi c Literature .......................... 189
11.4 Distinguishing Features of Wetlands ................................... 190
11.5 Comparison of Wetlands with Terrestrial
and Aquatic Systems ............................................................ 190
11.6 The Diffi culty of Defi ning Wetlands .................................... 191
11.7 Defi nitions of Wetlands ........................................................ 192
11.7.1 Formal Defi nitions ................................................. 193
11.7.2 Scientifi c Defi nitions .............................................. 193
Contents