xxi
6.8 Gravel-Pit Lakes................................................................... 93
6.8.1 An Account of Fishes of the Gravel-Pit Lakes ...... 94
6.8.2 Some Points on Conservation
in Connection with Gravel-Pit Lakes ..................... 94
6.9 High Altitude (HA) Lentic Bodies ....................................... 94
6.9.1 High Altitude (HA) Lentic Bodies of India ........... 95
6.9.2 High Altitude Lentic Bodies of the Rest
of the World ........................................................... 120
6.10 Use and Abuse of Lakes ....................................................... 150
6.10.1 Industrial Uses of Water ......................................... 151
6.10.2 Sewage and Agricultural Uses of Water ................ 151
6.10.3 Lake Fisheries ........................................................ 151
6.10.4 Lakes for Recreation .............................................. 152
Suggested Readings ........................................................................ 153
7 Lake Hydrology ............................................................................. 161
7.1 The Hydrological Cycle and the Water
Balance of Lakes .................................................................. 161
7.1.1 The Hydrological Cycle ......................................... 161
7.1.2 Atmospheric Precipitation and Its Distribution ..... 162
7.1.3 Water Balance of the Hydrosphere
and of Continental Surfaces ................................... 163
7.1.4 The Water Balance of Lakes and Variations
in Lake Level.......................................................... 163
7.1.5 Seasonal Variations ................................................ 164
7.2 Distribution and Zonation in Various Kinds of Lakes ......... 164
Suggested Readings ........................................................................ 165
8 Aquatic Macrophytes in Lakes .................................................... 167
8.1 The Distribution of Aquatic Macrophytes in Lakes ............. 167
8.1.1 The Vertical Extent of the Vegetation .................... 167
8.2 Zonation, Depth Distribution ............................................... 168
8.3 Growth Forms and Depth Distribution ................................ 168
8.3.1 Growth Forms ........................................................ 168
8.3.2 Distribution of AM................................................. 169
8.3.3 Relationship of Size of Individuals
to Density of Populations ....................................... 170
8.3.4 Illumination ............................................................ 170
8.4 Phytosociology ..................................................................... 170
8.4.1 The Continental European Approach ..................... 170
8.4.2 The Clements–Pearsall Approach .......................... 170
8.4.3 The Diffi culties of the Phytosociological
Approach ................................................................ 171
8.5 AM of Certain Lakes of the World ...................................... 171
8.5.1 AM of the Lakes of Indonesia ............................... 171
8.5.2 AM of the Mesotrophic and Eutrophic Lakes
of Northern Germany ............................................. 172
8.5.3 The AM of the Lakes of Northern Poland ............. 172
8.5.4 AM of Eutrophic Lakes of Denmark ..................... 172
Contents