E
H
k
P
Q
r
Vr
Vs
\;j
n
p
'Cb
'Cc
a, p, y, A, ' 1J
,
Water Resources Issues of the Laurentian Great Lakes
163
erosion rate, Mr2rl
water column depth, L
first-order rate constant for sorption/desorption, rl
percentage of equilibrium attained
flow rate, L3rl
particulate phase chemical concentration, MMI
resuspension velocity, Lrl
particle settling speed, Lrl
volume, L3
equilibrium partition coefficient, L3 Ml
bulk sediment density, Mr 3
bottom shear stress, ML- l r 2
critical shear stress for erosion, ML- l r 2
coefficients
ratio of desorption and settling time scales
References
Ambrose RB, Wool TA, Connolly JP, Schanz RW (1988) WASP4, A Hydrodynamic
and water-quality model - Model theory, user's manual and programmer's guide.
EPAl600/3-87/039, US Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia
Atkinson IF, Rubin H (2001) Formation of benthic nepheloid layers in large lakes (in
preparation)
Atkinson IF, Gupta SK, DePinto N, Rumer RR (1998) Linking hydrodynamic and
water-quality models with different scales. J Environ Eng 124:399-408
Aubert EJ, Richards TL (1981) IFYGL - The International year for the Great Lakes.
Nat! Oceanic Atmos Admin, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 410p.
Baedke, SJ, Thompson, TA (2000) A 4700-year record of lake level and isostasy for
Lake Michigan. J Great Lakes Res 26:416-426
Botts L, Krushelnicki B (1995) Great Lakes atlas, 3 rd edn., produced by Government of
Canada (Toronto, Canada) and US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes
National Program Office (Chicago, IL, USA), available on world wide web at
http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/atlas/.
Cheng C-Y, Atkinson IF, DePinto N (1995) Desorption during resuspension events:
kinetic vs. equilibrium model. Mar Freshwater Res 46:251-256
DePinto, N (2000) Limno-Tech, Inc, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
DePinto N, Raghunathan RK, Sierzenga PM, Zhang X, Bierman VJ, Rodgers PW,
Young TC (1994) Recalibration of GBTOX: an integrated exposure model for
toxic chemicals in Green Bay, Lake Michigan. Tech Rep, US Environmental
Protection Agency Environmental Research Laboratory, Large Lakes and Rivers
Research Branch, Grosse lie, Michigan, 139p.
Fraser GS, Larson CE, Heister NC (1990) Climatic control of lake levels in the Lake
Michigan and Lake Huron basins. In: Schneider AF, Fraser GS (eds) Late
Quaternary history of the Lake Michigan Basin, Geol Soc Amer Spec Paper
251:75-89
H
k
P
Q
r
Vr
Vs
\;j
n
p
'Cb
'Cc
a, p, y, A, ' 1J
,
Water Resources Issues of the Laurentian Great Lakes
163
erosion rate, Mr2rl
water column depth, L
first-order rate constant for sorption/desorption, rl
percentage of equilibrium attained
flow rate, L3rl
particulate phase chemical concentration, MMI
resuspension velocity, Lrl
particle settling speed, Lrl
volume, L3
equilibrium partition coefficient, L3 Ml
bulk sediment density, Mr 3
bottom shear stress, ML- l r 2
critical shear stress for erosion, ML- l r 2
coefficients
ratio of desorption and settling time scales
References
Ambrose RB, Wool TA, Connolly JP, Schanz RW (1988) WASP4, A Hydrodynamic
and water-quality model - Model theory, user's manual and programmer's guide.
EPAl600/3-87/039, US Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia
Atkinson IF, Rubin H (2001) Formation of benthic nepheloid layers in large lakes (in
preparation)
Atkinson IF, Gupta SK, DePinto N, Rumer RR (1998) Linking hydrodynamic and
water-quality models with different scales. J Environ Eng 124:399-408
Aubert EJ, Richards TL (1981) IFYGL - The International year for the Great Lakes.
Nat! Oceanic Atmos Admin, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 410p.
Baedke, SJ, Thompson, TA (2000) A 4700-year record of lake level and isostasy for
Lake Michigan. J Great Lakes Res 26:416-426
Botts L, Krushelnicki B (1995) Great Lakes atlas, 3 rd edn., produced by Government of
Canada (Toronto, Canada) and US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes
National Program Office (Chicago, IL, USA), available on world wide web at
http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/atlas/.
Cheng C-Y, Atkinson IF, DePinto N (1995) Desorption during resuspension events:
kinetic vs. equilibrium model. Mar Freshwater Res 46:251-256
DePinto, N (2000) Limno-Tech, Inc, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
DePinto N, Raghunathan RK, Sierzenga PM, Zhang X, Bierman VJ, Rodgers PW,
Young TC (1994) Recalibration of GBTOX: an integrated exposure model for
toxic chemicals in Green Bay, Lake Michigan. Tech Rep, US Environmental
Protection Agency Environmental Research Laboratory, Large Lakes and Rivers
Research Branch, Grosse lie, Michigan, 139p.
Fraser GS, Larson CE, Heister NC (1990) Climatic control of lake levels in the Lake
Michigan and Lake Huron basins. In: Schneider AF, Fraser GS (eds) Late
Quaternary history of the Lake Michigan Basin, Geol Soc Amer Spec Paper
251:75-89