Contents
XVII
4.4 Powdered Activated Carbon - Activated Sludge .................... 340
4.5 Biotreatment by Biofilm Systems ........................................... 341
5 Future Development
Projects...........................................................
341
6 Summary ......................................................................................... 342
Notation ................................................................................................ 343
References ............................................................................................ 343
20 Isolation and Identification of the Water-borne Protozoan
Parasites Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. and
their Presence on Restricted and Unrestricted Irrigated
Vegetables in Israel
R. Armon, G. Oron, D. Gold, R. Sheinman
U. Zuckerman ................................................................................... 347
1 Introduction....... ....... ........ ..... ..... .... .... ......... ............ ....... ....... .......... 348
2 Methodology
2.1 C. parvum Oocysts and G. lamblia Cysts Used
in Concentration Methods..... ...... ..... ... ............. ......... ........ ... ... 349
2.2 Monoclonal Antibodies Used for Fluorescent
Staining of Cysts and Oocysts....... .... .... ......... .... ... ......... ......... 349
2.3 Concentration Methods for Cysts and Oocysts in Small
and Large Volumes of Surface Waters .................................... 349
2.4 Microscopical Identification and Viability Testing of
Cysts and Oocysts ................................................................... 350
2.5 Concentration Method of Oocysts and Cysts from
Soil Samples............................................................................ 350
2.6 Elution and Concentration Method ofOocysts and
Cysts from Various Vegetables Irrigated with Effluents ........ 350
3 Results ............................................................................................. 351
3.1 Isolation and Enumeration of Cryptosporidium Oocysts
and Giardia Cysts from Surface Water, Wastewater
and Effluent in IsraeL ............................................................ 351
3.2 Isolation and Enumeration of Cryptosporidium
Oocysts and Giardia Cysts from Soil Samples
Subsurface Irrigated with Effluents ......................................... 352
3.3 Isolation and Enumeration ofCryptosporidium Oocysts
and Giardia Cysts from Vegetables Irrigated with
Different Effluent Qualities ..................................................... 355
4 Conclusions ..................................................................................... 357
References ............................................................................................ 357
XVII
4.4 Powdered Activated Carbon - Activated Sludge .................... 340
4.5 Biotreatment by Biofilm Systems ........................................... 341
5 Future Development
Projects...........................................................
341
6 Summary ......................................................................................... 342
Notation ................................................................................................ 343
References ............................................................................................ 343
20 Isolation and Identification of the Water-borne Protozoan
Parasites Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. and
their Presence on Restricted and Unrestricted Irrigated
Vegetables in Israel
R. Armon, G. Oron, D. Gold, R. Sheinman
U. Zuckerman ................................................................................... 347
1 Introduction....... ....... ........ ..... ..... .... .... ......... ............ ....... ....... .......... 348
2 Methodology
2.1 C. parvum Oocysts and G. lamblia Cysts Used
in Concentration Methods..... ...... ..... ... ............. ......... ........ ... ... 349
2.2 Monoclonal Antibodies Used for Fluorescent
Staining of Cysts and Oocysts....... .... .... ......... .... ... ......... ......... 349
2.3 Concentration Methods for Cysts and Oocysts in Small
and Large Volumes of Surface Waters .................................... 349
2.4 Microscopical Identification and Viability Testing of
Cysts and Oocysts ................................................................... 350
2.5 Concentration Method of Oocysts and Cysts from
Soil Samples............................................................................ 350
2.6 Elution and Concentration Method ofOocysts and
Cysts from Various Vegetables Irrigated with Effluents ........ 350
3 Results ............................................................................................. 351
3.1 Isolation and Enumeration of Cryptosporidium Oocysts
and Giardia Cysts from Surface Water, Wastewater
and Effluent in IsraeL ............................................................ 351
3.2 Isolation and Enumeration of Cryptosporidium
Oocysts and Giardia Cysts from Soil Samples
Subsurface Irrigated with Effluents ......................................... 352
3.3 Isolation and Enumeration ofCryptosporidium Oocysts
and Giardia Cysts from Vegetables Irrigated with
Different Effluent Qualities ..................................................... 355
4 Conclusions ..................................................................................... 357
References ............................................................................................ 357