XVI
Contents
2.4 Flocculation Experiments ........................................................ 301
3 Results ............................................................................................. 301
3.1 Aluminium Nitrate as a Primary FlocculanL. ......................... 302
3.2 Cationic Polyelectrolytes as Primary Flocculants ................... 303
3.3 Combinations of AI(III) Salt and Cationic
Polyelectrolyte Doses... ............. .............. ...... ...... ..... ........... .... 304
4 Discussion... .... ......... ......................... ........... ....................... ... ...... ... 307
References ............................................................................................ 312
18 The Application of Electrodialysis for Drinking
Water Treatment
F. Hell and J. Lahnsteiner ............................................................. 315
I Introduction.............. ................ ....................................................... 315
2 Principle of Electrodialysis ............................................................. 316
3 Nitrate and Hardness RemovaL ..................................................... 3 I 8
3.1 Nitrate Removal Processes for Drinking Water ...................... 318
3.2 Description of the Electrodialytic Nitrate Removal (ENR)
Plant, Kleylehof............ ............... .... ..... .................... ............... 321
4 Results from the KleylehofPlant... ................................................. 322
5 Application of Electrodialysis in Surface Water Treatment... ........ 325
References................................................... .......................... .......... .... 326
Part V Wastewater Recycling
19 Reuse of Industrial Wastewater Effluent
in the Petrochemical Industry
N.I. Galil and Y. Levinsky ............................................................... 331
1 Introduction ..................................................................................... 331
2 Basic Concepts ................................................................................ 333
3 Description of Main Units.............................................................. 334
3.1 Flow Regulation...................................................................... 334
3.2 Concentrated Wastewater ........................................................ 334
3.3 Chemical Flocculation and DAF ............................................. 335
3.4 Biological Treatment. .............................................................. 335
3.5 Chemical Clarification ............................................................ 335
3.6 Recirculated Cooling System (RCS) ...................................... 336
3.7 Sludge Treatment and DisposaL ............................................ 336
4 Specific Problems in Biological Treatment... ................................. 337
4.1 Inhibition............. ..... ............. ...... ........... .......... ......... ...... .... .... 337
4.2 High Suspended Solids in Effluent and Low ML VSS. ... ........ 338
4.3 Concentrated Phenolic Wastewater ......................................... 339
Contents
2.4 Flocculation Experiments ........................................................ 301
3 Results ............................................................................................. 301
3.1 Aluminium Nitrate as a Primary FlocculanL. ......................... 302
3.2 Cationic Polyelectrolytes as Primary Flocculants ................... 303
3.3 Combinations of AI(III) Salt and Cationic
Polyelectrolyte Doses... ............. .............. ...... ...... ..... ........... .... 304
4 Discussion... .... ......... ......................... ........... ....................... ... ...... ... 307
References ............................................................................................ 312
18 The Application of Electrodialysis for Drinking
Water Treatment
F. Hell and J. Lahnsteiner ............................................................. 315
I Introduction.............. ................ ....................................................... 315
2 Principle of Electrodialysis ............................................................. 316
3 Nitrate and Hardness RemovaL ..................................................... 3 I 8
3.1 Nitrate Removal Processes for Drinking Water ...................... 318
3.2 Description of the Electrodialytic Nitrate Removal (ENR)
Plant, Kleylehof............ ............... .... ..... .................... ............... 321
4 Results from the KleylehofPlant... ................................................. 322
5 Application of Electrodialysis in Surface Water Treatment... ........ 325
References................................................... .......................... .......... .... 326
Part V Wastewater Recycling
19 Reuse of Industrial Wastewater Effluent
in the Petrochemical Industry
N.I. Galil and Y. Levinsky ............................................................... 331
1 Introduction ..................................................................................... 331
2 Basic Concepts ................................................................................ 333
3 Description of Main Units.............................................................. 334
3.1 Flow Regulation...................................................................... 334
3.2 Concentrated Wastewater ........................................................ 334
3.3 Chemical Flocculation and DAF ............................................. 335
3.4 Biological Treatment. .............................................................. 335
3.5 Chemical Clarification ............................................................ 335
3.6 Recirculated Cooling System (RCS) ...................................... 336
3.7 Sludge Treatment and DisposaL ............................................ 336
4 Specific Problems in Biological Treatment... ................................. 337
4.1 Inhibition............. ..... ............. ...... ........... .......... ......... ...... .... .... 337
4.2 High Suspended Solids in Effluent and Low ML VSS. ... ........ 338
4.3 Concentrated Phenolic Wastewater ......................................... 339