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Accessing Geoenvironmental Data: From On-line to Expert Systems
• in order to dispatch some oil equipment at the earth's surface, some
otheritems are absolutely necessary, such as road networks (300 classes
approximately), railways (likewise around 300 classes), electrical
networks (very high -, high -, medium - and low voltage),
telecommunication networks, etc ... composing the infrastructure needed
by any industry.
• then geology, including not only boundaries, surface and sub-surface
information, but also all underground information; this includes things
not directly relevant to the GIS, such as stratigraphy, paleontology,
tectonics, representing approximately 500 classes, and completed by
information issued from the mining industry (more than 300 classes).
• connected to the preceding field, there are themes dealing with
gravimetry, magnetism, electrical methods, but the most important topic
is the seismic, including marine exploration; the detailed structure has
more than 300 classes, with links to the reservoir that we will discuss
later.
• drilling is an important activity, for which a complete structure has been
designed, with a second one devoted to off-shore platforms (around 500
classes), taking into account the different models of platforms,
according to their size (from 50 000 tons to 500 000 tons), nature
(concrete, iron, mixed), purpose (exploration, production, storage,
housing), structure (piles, jacket, etc .... ), and location (Arabia, North Sea,
Asia, etc .... ). Drilling is one of the topics where discrete simulation
techniques are particularly interesting, and the use of object-oriented
processes, working in quasi-parallelism, in an unlimited number, is one
of the most convenient approaches.
connected to the drilling activity, an important topic is the diagraphical
with two major themes according to whether the diagraphy is obtained
during the drilling or when stopped. The number of potential
diagraphies which can be obtained, deriving from the simplest ones, can
reach 1000 and the reader understands that the number of classes is not
restricted on such a topic. Diagraphies for a given hole must be
correlated together; performed at different places, they must be
reconnected, and performed at different times, their evolution must be
interpreted for a better understanding of the reserves for instance.
Diagraphic studies is one of the topics in which an object-oriented
expert system is particularly convenient, representing a powerful tool for
a better mastering of too bulky knowledge.
the preceding activity has implications for another, reservoir study
requiring approximately 500 classes. We must particularly emphasize
the impact of the connections approach on reservoir modeling; the use
of object-oriented neurons is particularly interesting in trying to obtain
a dynamic model, and to provide automated learning (Bouille, 1994e).
The use of genetic algorithms, based upon genes belonging to classes,
in cooperation with neurons, may prove promising. At the present time,
it has not given any fascinating results, but studies must not be stopped.
Accessing Geoenvironmental Data: From On-line to Expert Systems
• in order to dispatch some oil equipment at the earth's surface, some
otheritems are absolutely necessary, such as road networks (300 classes
approximately), railways (likewise around 300 classes), electrical
networks (very high -, high -, medium - and low voltage),
telecommunication networks, etc ... composing the infrastructure needed
by any industry.
• then geology, including not only boundaries, surface and sub-surface
information, but also all underground information; this includes things
not directly relevant to the GIS, such as stratigraphy, paleontology,
tectonics, representing approximately 500 classes, and completed by
information issued from the mining industry (more than 300 classes).
• connected to the preceding field, there are themes dealing with
gravimetry, magnetism, electrical methods, but the most important topic
is the seismic, including marine exploration; the detailed structure has
more than 300 classes, with links to the reservoir that we will discuss
later.
• drilling is an important activity, for which a complete structure has been
designed, with a second one devoted to off-shore platforms (around 500
classes), taking into account the different models of platforms,
according to their size (from 50 000 tons to 500 000 tons), nature
(concrete, iron, mixed), purpose (exploration, production, storage,
housing), structure (piles, jacket, etc .... ), and location (Arabia, North Sea,
Asia, etc .... ). Drilling is one of the topics where discrete simulation
techniques are particularly interesting, and the use of object-oriented
processes, working in quasi-parallelism, in an unlimited number, is one
of the most convenient approaches.
connected to the drilling activity, an important topic is the diagraphical
with two major themes according to whether the diagraphy is obtained
during the drilling or when stopped. The number of potential
diagraphies which can be obtained, deriving from the simplest ones, can
reach 1000 and the reader understands that the number of classes is not
restricted on such a topic. Diagraphies for a given hole must be
correlated together; performed at different places, they must be
reconnected, and performed at different times, their evolution must be
interpreted for a better understanding of the reserves for instance.
Diagraphic studies is one of the topics in which an object-oriented
expert system is particularly convenient, representing a powerful tool for
a better mastering of too bulky knowledge.
the preceding activity has implications for another, reservoir study
requiring approximately 500 classes. We must particularly emphasize
the impact of the connections approach on reservoir modeling; the use
of object-oriented neurons is particularly interesting in trying to obtain
a dynamic model, and to provide automated learning (Bouille, 1994e).
The use of genetic algorithms, based upon genes belonging to classes,
in cooperation with neurons, may prove promising. At the present time,
it has not given any fascinating results, but studies must not be stopped.