Noise, constraints on acoustic signaling,
235
Nonlinearity, auditory CNS, 340ff
Northern elephant seal, see Miroungea
angustirostris
Northern fur seal, see Callorhinus
ursinus
Northern right whale, acoustic
communication, 36
Nyciticeius humeralis (evening bat)
variation in calls, 147
vocal learning, 150
Ochotona princeps (pika), vocal
learning, 155
Ontogeny
bird song, 349–350
communications, 7–8
Opsanus tau (oyster toadfish)
boatwhistle sound, 46
sound field dimensions, 52–53
vocal sounds, 50
Orcinus orca (killer whale), pod
signature calls, 177ff
Otolith organs, fish hearing, 57
Oxygen consumption, signaling,
227–228
Oxytocin, 276
effects on rodent vocalization, 295
Pacemaker
motoneuron vocal circuit in fish, 55
vocal circuit in midshipman, 52
Pan (chimpanzees), sound production,
74
vocal learning, 151
Parasite, eavesdropping, 239
Parus atricapillus (Black-capped
chickadee), flock signatures, 169ff
Parus ssp (chickadee). flock signatures,
vocalizations, 169ff
call learning, 197
calls, 169–170
song learning, 198ff
Pascal, defined, 18
Pattern generator, physiology of
signaling, 250–251
Peptide hormones
function, 280–282
Index
397
intracellular responses, 281
Perception
feature detection, 330ff
linkage to sound production,
343–344
vocal signals, 324ff, 354–355
Perdix perdix (gray partridge),
hormonal effects on vocal organs,
286
Period locus in Drosophila, biological
rhythm genes, 251
Period, defined, 17
Phaethornis longuemareus (little hermit
hummingbird), song dialects, 187ff
Phonotaxis, female Porichthys, 53
Phyllostomus discolor (lesser spearnosed bat)
isolation and maternal directive calls,
156ff
isolation call learning, 198
Phyllostomus hastatus (greater spearnosed bat), group signature calls,
174ff
call learning, 198
vocal recognition, 356
Phylogenetic constraints, evolution, 69
Physalaemus coloradorum (túngara
frog), call structure, 261
Physalaemus pustulosus (túngara frog)
advertisement call, 240
call preference by females, 260–261
call description, 260
communication
sound radiators, 229
whine and chuck, 260
Physalaemus spp.
call structure and genetics, 261
sound production, 88
vocal folds, 88
Physeter macrocephalus (sperm whale),
vocal learning, 152
Pigtail macaque, see Macaca nemestrina
Pika, see Ochotona princeps
Pinniped, sound production pathway,
104
Pitch, definition, 82
Pituitary, hormones, 276, 278
Plainfin midshipman, see Porichthys
notatus
235
Nonlinearity, auditory CNS, 340ff
Northern elephant seal, see Miroungea
angustirostris
Northern fur seal, see Callorhinus
ursinus
Northern right whale, acoustic
communication, 36
Nyciticeius humeralis (evening bat)
variation in calls, 147
vocal learning, 150
Ochotona princeps (pika), vocal
learning, 155
Ontogeny
bird song, 349–350
communications, 7–8
Opsanus tau (oyster toadfish)
boatwhistle sound, 46
sound field dimensions, 52–53
vocal sounds, 50
Orcinus orca (killer whale), pod
signature calls, 177ff
Otolith organs, fish hearing, 57
Oxygen consumption, signaling,
227–228
Oxytocin, 276
effects on rodent vocalization, 295
Pacemaker
motoneuron vocal circuit in fish, 55
vocal circuit in midshipman, 52
Pan (chimpanzees), sound production,
74
vocal learning, 151
Parasite, eavesdropping, 239
Parus atricapillus (Black-capped
chickadee), flock signatures, 169ff
Parus ssp (chickadee). flock signatures,
vocalizations, 169ff
call learning, 197
calls, 169–170
song learning, 198ff
Pascal, defined, 18
Pattern generator, physiology of
signaling, 250–251
Peptide hormones
function, 280–282
Index
397
intracellular responses, 281
Perception
feature detection, 330ff
linkage to sound production,
343–344
vocal signals, 324ff, 354–355
Perdix perdix (gray partridge),
hormonal effects on vocal organs,
286
Period locus in Drosophila, biological
rhythm genes, 251
Period, defined, 17
Phaethornis longuemareus (little hermit
hummingbird), song dialects, 187ff
Phonotaxis, female Porichthys, 53
Phyllostomus discolor (lesser spearnosed bat)
isolation and maternal directive calls,
156ff
isolation call learning, 198
Phyllostomus hastatus (greater spearnosed bat), group signature calls,
174ff
call learning, 198
vocal recognition, 356
Phylogenetic constraints, evolution, 69
Physalaemus coloradorum (túngara
frog), call structure, 261
Physalaemus pustulosus (túngara frog)
advertisement call, 240
call preference by females, 260–261
call description, 260
communication
sound radiators, 229
whine and chuck, 260
Physalaemus spp.
call structure and genetics, 261
sound production, 88
vocal folds, 88
Physeter macrocephalus (sperm whale),
vocal learning, 152
Pigtail macaque, see Macaca nemestrina
Pika, see Ochotona princeps
Pinniped, sound production pathway,
104
Pitch, definition, 82
Pituitary, hormones, 276, 278
Plainfin midshipman, see Porichthys
notatus