acoustic signals, 65ff
communication, 69–70, 352
constraints on, 68–70
long-distance signals, 234ff
Physalaemus pustulosus calls, 264–265
shaping vocal communication, 343
trachea, 90–91
vocal communication, 352
Excess attenuation, range of signaling,
232–233
Falconiformes, syrinx, 102
Far field
near field boundary, 24–25
underwater sound, 21ff
Feature detection
frog, 334
hierarchial pathways, 334–335
human, 334–335
hypothesis, 330ff
organization, 333–335
visual system, 333
vocalization, 333
Feeding calls, baleen whales, 40ff
Female choice, songbird, 328–329
Field L
hearing, 362
vocalization categorization, 353–354
Field sparrow, see Spizella pusilla
Fin whale, see Balaenoptera
acutorostrata
Fire flies, signals, 108
Fish vocalizations
acoustic communication, 44ff
hormonal effects on vocalization,
296–298
sexual dimorphism in vocalization,
306–307
sonic muscles and hormonal effects,
298
sound communication in shallow
water, 33–34
sound production mechanisms,
297–298
source levels, 46
testosterone effects on vocalization,
297
vocal communication, 15ff
Flock signatures, Parus ssp., 169ff
392
Index
Food call, Macaca, 122–123, 164ff
Forest, environment and signaling,
235ff
Formant dispersion, 103
frequency and body size, 102–103
frequency in birds, 105
production, 83, 85
speech, 80
Frequency modulation, dialect learning
in bats, 158
Frequency of signals, frog and bird
body size, 229ff
Frequency, cutoff due to water depth
and substrate, 34–35
Frequency-dependent attenuation,
signaling range, 233–234
Fringe-lipped bat, see Trachops
cirrhosus
Frog, see also individual species
advertisement call, 1–2, 230
air sacs, 99
auditory neuron seasonal changes,
309
auditory pathway dimorphism, 309
body and vocal cord size, 232
breeding behavior, 1–2
CNS and vocalization, 291ff
coevolution of sensory and motor
systems, 343–344
communication sounds, 1–2, 5
courtship vocalization, 291ff
diversity in larynx, 88
feature detection, 334
hearing, 2
hormonal effects on hearing, 309
hormone effects on vocal
development, 302ff
hormone effects on vocalization,
291ff
lungs and sound production, 73
peripheral specializations for
hearing, 334
reproductive behavior, 1–2, 5
sexual dimorphism in sound
production, 302ff
sound source localization, 352
testosterone effects on vocalization,
291–292
unreceptive vocalizations, 298–299
communication, 69–70, 352
constraints on, 68–70
long-distance signals, 234ff
Physalaemus pustulosus calls, 264–265
shaping vocal communication, 343
trachea, 90–91
vocal communication, 352
Excess attenuation, range of signaling,
232–233
Falconiformes, syrinx, 102
Far field
near field boundary, 24–25
underwater sound, 21ff
Feature detection
frog, 334
hierarchial pathways, 334–335
human, 334–335
hypothesis, 330ff
organization, 333–335
visual system, 333
vocalization, 333
Feeding calls, baleen whales, 40ff
Female choice, songbird, 328–329
Field L
hearing, 362
vocalization categorization, 353–354
Field sparrow, see Spizella pusilla
Fin whale, see Balaenoptera
acutorostrata
Fire flies, signals, 108
Fish vocalizations
acoustic communication, 44ff
hormonal effects on vocalization,
296–298
sexual dimorphism in vocalization,
306–307
sonic muscles and hormonal effects,
298
sound communication in shallow
water, 33–34
sound production mechanisms,
297–298
source levels, 46
testosterone effects on vocalization,
297
vocal communication, 15ff
Flock signatures, Parus ssp., 169ff
392
Index
Food call, Macaca, 122–123, 164ff
Forest, environment and signaling,
235ff
Formant dispersion, 103
frequency and body size, 102–103
frequency in birds, 105
production, 83, 85
speech, 80
Frequency modulation, dialect learning
in bats, 158
Frequency of signals, frog and bird
body size, 229ff
Frequency, cutoff due to water depth
and substrate, 34–35
Frequency-dependent attenuation,
signaling range, 233–234
Fringe-lipped bat, see Trachops
cirrhosus
Frog, see also individual species
advertisement call, 1–2, 230
air sacs, 99
auditory neuron seasonal changes,
309
auditory pathway dimorphism, 309
body and vocal cord size, 232
breeding behavior, 1–2
CNS and vocalization, 291ff
coevolution of sensory and motor
systems, 343–344
communication sounds, 1–2, 5
courtship vocalization, 291ff
diversity in larynx, 88
feature detection, 334
hearing, 2
hormonal effects on hearing, 309
hormone effects on vocal
development, 302ff
hormone effects on vocalization,
291ff
lungs and sound production, 73
peripheral specializations for
hearing, 334
reproductive behavior, 1–2, 5
sexual dimorphism in sound
production, 302ff
sound source localization, 352
testosterone effects on vocalization,
291–292
unreceptive vocalizations, 298–299