Tooth, and hearing, 62-63
Transmission beam pattern, biosonar signals,37lff
Trapezoid body, various species, 280
Traveling wave, 86-87
Trigeminal nerve, middle ear regulation,
76
Tucuxi (Sotalia fluviatilis)
audiogram, 5ff
sound production, 136
Tucuxi, whistle signals, 366
Tuning curves, 317-319
Tursiops truncatus gilli, see Pacific bottlenose dolphin
Tursiops truncatus, see Atlantic bottlenose dolphin
Tympanic bulla, 60ff
Tympano-periotic complex, 66-67
Tympanum, whales, 66
Ultrasonic hearing, cochlear morphology,
56
Ultrasound, biosonar sounds, 110
Ultrasound detection, fish, 164
Ultrasound endoscope, 142
Variability, psychometric function, 333
Vestibular nerve, 77
Vestibular sacs, biosonar beam formation,
127, 138
Vestibular system, cetacean, 77-78
Video endoscopy, dolphin sound production, 133-134
Vocal learning, 210-212
imitation of human speech, 210
Vocal repertoire, Atlantic spotted dolphin,
234ff
Vocalization, 3-4, IOff
aggressive behavior, 232
baleen whales, 192ff
Vocalization behavior
Atlantic bottlenose dolphin, 234ff
Atlantic spotted dolphin, 234ff
beluga whales, 181-183
blue whales, 203ff
bowhead whales, 196ff
Index
485
classification, 228
definition, 158
delphinids, 184-185
development, 252ff
fin whales, 206ff
foraging, 242
free-ranging dolphins, 225ff
frequency determinants, 4
function, toothed whales,l77ff
group synchrony, 240
harbor porpoise, 184
humpback whale, 193ff
interspecific interactions, 240-241
juveniles, 253
killer whale, 162
relationship to body size, 208-210
see also Calls
sperm whale, 186ff
structural types, 228ff
whistles, 228
Wax cap, mysticetes, 64
Weber ratio, frequency discrimination,
354
Whale calls, mysticetes, 31-32
Whale, see specific common names
Whistle, 111-112
and clicks, 144
and depth, 111
Atlantic bottlenose dolphin, 179-180
Atlantic spotted dolphin, 234, 236
dolphin, 365ff
early references, 337
nasal passages, III
sonogram in spinner dolphin, 17
structure, 228
White whale, see also beluga whale and
Delphinapterus leucas, sound production, 109
Zeeohrplan, cetaceans, 57ff
Ziphiidae (beaked whales), diving depth,
76
air sacs, 139
hearing, 53
Vestibular dimensions, 78
Transmission beam pattern, biosonar signals,37lff
Trapezoid body, various species, 280
Traveling wave, 86-87
Trigeminal nerve, middle ear regulation,
76
Tucuxi (Sotalia fluviatilis)
audiogram, 5ff
sound production, 136
Tucuxi, whistle signals, 366
Tuning curves, 317-319
Tursiops truncatus gilli, see Pacific bottlenose dolphin
Tursiops truncatus, see Atlantic bottlenose dolphin
Tympanic bulla, 60ff
Tympano-periotic complex, 66-67
Tympanum, whales, 66
Ultrasonic hearing, cochlear morphology,
56
Ultrasound, biosonar sounds, 110
Ultrasound detection, fish, 164
Ultrasound endoscope, 142
Variability, psychometric function, 333
Vestibular nerve, 77
Vestibular sacs, biosonar beam formation,
127, 138
Vestibular system, cetacean, 77-78
Video endoscopy, dolphin sound production, 133-134
Vocal learning, 210-212
imitation of human speech, 210
Vocal repertoire, Atlantic spotted dolphin,
234ff
Vocalization, 3-4, IOff
aggressive behavior, 232
baleen whales, 192ff
Vocalization behavior
Atlantic bottlenose dolphin, 234ff
Atlantic spotted dolphin, 234ff
beluga whales, 181-183
blue whales, 203ff
bowhead whales, 196ff
Index
485
classification, 228
definition, 158
delphinids, 184-185
development, 252ff
fin whales, 206ff
foraging, 242
free-ranging dolphins, 225ff
frequency determinants, 4
function, toothed whales,l77ff
group synchrony, 240
harbor porpoise, 184
humpback whale, 193ff
interspecific interactions, 240-241
juveniles, 253
killer whale, 162
relationship to body size, 208-210
see also Calls
sperm whale, 186ff
structural types, 228ff
whistles, 228
Wax cap, mysticetes, 64
Weber ratio, frequency discrimination,
354
Whale calls, mysticetes, 31-32
Whale, see specific common names
Whistle, 111-112
and clicks, 144
and depth, 111
Atlantic bottlenose dolphin, 179-180
Atlantic spotted dolphin, 234, 236
dolphin, 365ff
early references, 337
nasal passages, III
sonogram in spinner dolphin, 17
structure, 228
White whale, see also beluga whale and
Delphinapterus leucas, sound production, 109
Zeeohrplan, cetaceans, 57ff
Ziphiidae (beaked whales), diving depth,
76
air sacs, 139
hearing, 53
Vestibular dimensions, 78
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