224: SPHYRAENIDAE (BARRACUDAS)
224.5 Sphyraena fiav;cauda: 33 em (Red Sea).
224.5 Sphyraena flavicauda
Ruppel!,1838
PLATE 112
Yellowtail barracuda
Geelstert-barrakuda
?Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier, 1829: 258 (India, Reunion, Australia).
Sphyraenaflavicauda Riippell, 1838: 100, PI. 25, Fig. 3 (Red Sea); Smith,
1956: 38*
D V + I ,i,8; A II ,i,8; P ii,ll; LL 80-90; 1 GR at angle of 1st gill arch and a
2nd on lower limb. Depth 6.8-8.3, head 2.7-3.0, snout to DI2.1-2.3, distance between dorsals 3.6-4.2 in SL. Eye 4.8-5.6, snout 2.2-2.4, postorbital 2.8-3.1, depth of C peduncle 4.7-6.1 in head. Angle of preopercle with
a membranous flap; opercle with a single membranous point just above P
base. Maxilla ends about a pupil width in front of eye. Tip of lower jaw
blunt. Teeth conical, erect, widely spaced (spaces between teeth greater
than tooth widths). Origin of D1 behind V origins and from behind to
above tip of P.
Brown stripe from tip of snout through centre of eye and
P base to C peduncle where it lies on LL; faint dusky stripe
from top of eye along LL to upper C peduncle; C dusky
yellow. Attains 37 cm. Throughout western and central
Indo-Pacific, south to Durban.
224.6 Sphyraena forsteri
Cuvier, 1829
Blackspot barracuda
Swartkol-barrakuda
Sphyraena forsteri Cuvier, 1829: 261 (Tahiti); Klausewitz & Bauchot,
1967* (specimen from New Guinea designated as neotype). Sphyraella
toxeuma Fowler, 1904: 502, PI. 9 (Padang, Sumatra); Williams. 1959:
111 *. Callosphyraena toxeuma: Smith, 1956: 42*.
D V+I,i,8; A II,i,8; P ii,12-13; LL 112-123. No GR, but minute bony
setae dispersed on 10-20 small tubercles on lower limb of 1st arch. Depth
6.9-7.7, head 2.9-3.2 in SL. Preopercle rounded, lower angle not produced; opercle with 2 flattened spines. Maxilla does not quite reach front
edge of eye. Teeth laterally compressed, contiguous; lower jaw with small
to moderate teeth at sides, increasing in size posteriorly, where they arc
directed backwards. Origin of D1 behind origin of V.
No crossbars on body; black axillary blotch at base ofP; C
dusky. Attains 65 cm. An Indo-Pacific species extending
south to Bazaruto, Mozambique (21 oS, 36°E); not reported
from South Africa.
224.7 Sphyraena jel/o
Cuvier, 1829
Pickhandle barracuda
Piksteel-barrakuda
Sphyraena jello Cuvier, in Cuv. & Val., 1829: 258 (Pondicherry, India);
Smith, SFSA No. 895; Smith, 1956: 44 *; Williams, 1959: 119*. Sphyraena
japonica: Smith, SFSA No. 896* (in part). Sphyraena permisca Smith,
1956: 45, PI. 2, Fig. 8 (Bazaruto, Mozambique).
D V + I,i,8; A II,i,7; P ii,12-13; LL 130-140, usually 135-140; no GR on
1st arch. Depth 7.9-8.9, head 3.2-3.6, snout to D1 2.5-2.6, distance
between dorsals 3.2-3.5 in SL. Preopercle rounded, no produced flap;
opercle with 2 spines. Maxilla reaches front edge of eye. No blunt fleshy
tip on lower jaw. Interorbital space flat. Teeth moderate to large, erect,
somewhat compressed. D1 origin behind origin ofV. In large specimens C
is trilobed or quadrilobed.
224.6 Sphyraena forster;: top: 74 cm (Seychelles); bottom: dorsal and lateral views of juvenile.
724
224.5 Sphyraena fiav;cauda: 33 em (Red Sea).
224.5 Sphyraena flavicauda
Ruppel!,1838
PLATE 112
Yellowtail barracuda
Geelstert-barrakuda
?Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier, 1829: 258 (India, Reunion, Australia).
Sphyraenaflavicauda Riippell, 1838: 100, PI. 25, Fig. 3 (Red Sea); Smith,
1956: 38*
D V + I ,i,8; A II ,i,8; P ii,ll; LL 80-90; 1 GR at angle of 1st gill arch and a
2nd on lower limb. Depth 6.8-8.3, head 2.7-3.0, snout to DI2.1-2.3, distance between dorsals 3.6-4.2 in SL. Eye 4.8-5.6, snout 2.2-2.4, postorbital 2.8-3.1, depth of C peduncle 4.7-6.1 in head. Angle of preopercle with
a membranous flap; opercle with a single membranous point just above P
base. Maxilla ends about a pupil width in front of eye. Tip of lower jaw
blunt. Teeth conical, erect, widely spaced (spaces between teeth greater
than tooth widths). Origin of D1 behind V origins and from behind to
above tip of P.
Brown stripe from tip of snout through centre of eye and
P base to C peduncle where it lies on LL; faint dusky stripe
from top of eye along LL to upper C peduncle; C dusky
yellow. Attains 37 cm. Throughout western and central
Indo-Pacific, south to Durban.
224.6 Sphyraena forsteri
Cuvier, 1829
Blackspot barracuda
Swartkol-barrakuda
Sphyraena forsteri Cuvier, 1829: 261 (Tahiti); Klausewitz & Bauchot,
1967* (specimen from New Guinea designated as neotype). Sphyraella
toxeuma Fowler, 1904: 502, PI. 9 (Padang, Sumatra); Williams. 1959:
111 *. Callosphyraena toxeuma: Smith, 1956: 42*.
D V+I,i,8; A II,i,8; P ii,12-13; LL 112-123. No GR, but minute bony
setae dispersed on 10-20 small tubercles on lower limb of 1st arch. Depth
6.9-7.7, head 2.9-3.2 in SL. Preopercle rounded, lower angle not produced; opercle with 2 flattened spines. Maxilla does not quite reach front
edge of eye. Teeth laterally compressed, contiguous; lower jaw with small
to moderate teeth at sides, increasing in size posteriorly, where they arc
directed backwards. Origin of D1 behind origin of V.
No crossbars on body; black axillary blotch at base ofP; C
dusky. Attains 65 cm. An Indo-Pacific species extending
south to Bazaruto, Mozambique (21 oS, 36°E); not reported
from South Africa.
224.7 Sphyraena jel/o
Cuvier, 1829
Pickhandle barracuda
Piksteel-barrakuda
Sphyraena jello Cuvier, in Cuv. & Val., 1829: 258 (Pondicherry, India);
Smith, SFSA No. 895; Smith, 1956: 44 *; Williams, 1959: 119*. Sphyraena
japonica: Smith, SFSA No. 896* (in part). Sphyraena permisca Smith,
1956: 45, PI. 2, Fig. 8 (Bazaruto, Mozambique).
D V + I,i,8; A II,i,7; P ii,12-13; LL 130-140, usually 135-140; no GR on
1st arch. Depth 7.9-8.9, head 3.2-3.6, snout to D1 2.5-2.6, distance
between dorsals 3.2-3.5 in SL. Preopercle rounded, no produced flap;
opercle with 2 spines. Maxilla reaches front edge of eye. No blunt fleshy
tip on lower jaw. Interorbital space flat. Teeth moderate to large, erect,
somewhat compressed. D1 origin behind origin ofV. In large specimens C
is trilobed or quadrilobed.
224.6 Sphyraena forster;: top: 74 cm (Seychelles); bottom: dorsal and lateral views of juvenile.
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