69: ASTRONESTHIDAE (SNAGGLETOOTHS)
69.2 Astronesthes caulophorus: 4 em holotype (after Regan & Trewavas,
1929).
69.3 Astronesthes indicus
Brauer, 1902
Astronesthes indicus Brauer, 1902: 287 (east of Zanzibar); Regan &
Trewavas, 1929: 23* Gibbs, 1964: 322*; Hulley, 1972: 211; Gibbs, 1984:
328*.
D 11-17; A 12-16; P 6-9. Ventral row of serial photophores: IP 4-6,
PV 5-7, VAV7-9, AC 6-10, total 25-29; lateral row of serial photophores:
OV 5-6, VAL 6-8, total 11-14. Vertebrae 42-46. Barbel from half to 1.5
times head length, its tip either with small flattened wings or with a long,
grooved swelling.
Body black; larger specimens with pale, luminous
patches on sides of body and gill cover. Attains 18 cm.
Circumglobal in tropical waters, taken between 33° and
35°S on Atlantic side but not yet south of 20
0
S on our east
coast.
69.3 Astronesthes indicus: 12 em (after Regan & Trewavas, 1929).
69.4 Astronesthes martensii
Klunzinger, 1871
Astronesthes martensii Klunzinger, 1871: 594 (Red Sea); Lutken, 1892:
276*; Regan & Trewavas, 1929: 17*.
D 10-13; A 17-21; P 6. Ventral row of serial photophores: IP 10-11,
PV 16-19 , VA V 19-21, AC 11-13, total 59-65; lateral row of serial photophores: OV 16-18, VAL 18-21, total 36-38. Vertebrae 50-53. Barbel
usually equal to 1.5 times head length; a very small swelling at tip, usually
longer than wide.
Body with silvery sides; a prominent black patch on ventral caudal peduncle. Attains 14 cm. Indonesia to Red Sea
69.4 Astronesthes martensii: (after LOtken, 1892).
232
and south to Durban. Many specimens taken in midwater
trawls, but most larger ones in bottom trawls, suggesting
that adults live close to the bottom.
69.5 Astronesthes niger
Richardson, 1844
Astronesthes nigra Richardson, 1844: 97, PI. 50 Figs. 1-3 ("Habitat
unknown, presumed to be S. China Sea"). Astronesthes niger: Regan &
Trewavas, 1929: 20*; Gibbs, 1964: 327*; Gibbs, 1984: 330*.
D 14-17; A 12-16; P 7-9. Ventral row of serial photophores: IP 8-10, PV
12-15, VA V 18-22, AC 11-13, total 50-56; lateral row of serial photophores: OV 11-16, VAL 17-23, total 30-37. Vertebrae 46-51. Barbell.5
times to less than l"2 head length, its tip forming a long, slender swelling.
Body black, pale luminous patches present on middle of
snout and along front of upper jaw at most sizes, developing
with growth on shoulder and on lower sides between P and
V and below D. Attains 16 cm. Not yet reported from our
area, but taken in adjacent Atlantic and north of 20 0 S in
Indian Ocean.
69.5 Astronesthes niger: 6 em (after Weitzman, 1967).
69.6 Astronesthes trifibulatus
Gibbs, Amaoka & Haruta, 1984
Astronesthes trifibulatus Gibbs, Amaoka & Haruta, 1984: 1, Fig. 1 (off
Oahu, Hawaii).
D 11-14; A 18-21; P 6-7. Ventral row of serial photophores: IP 9-12, PV
15-17, VA V 23-25, AC 11-12, total 60-64; lateral row of serial photophores: OV 15-17, VAL 24-27, total 40-43. Vertebrae 54-56. Barbel
shorter to slightly longer than bead, its tip forming a short, broad swelling,
usually with a slender terminal projection and a pair of filaments arising
from its sides.
Body black; pale luminous patches present around postorbital organ in some larger specimens. Attains more than
13 cm. Tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific; taken in
Mozambique Channel.
69.6 Astronesthes trifibulatus: 9.5 em SL paratype (after Gibbs et aI., 1984).
69.2 Astronesthes caulophorus: 4 em holotype (after Regan & Trewavas,
1929).
69.3 Astronesthes indicus
Brauer, 1902
Astronesthes indicus Brauer, 1902: 287 (east of Zanzibar); Regan &
Trewavas, 1929: 23* Gibbs, 1964: 322*; Hulley, 1972: 211; Gibbs, 1984:
328*.
D 11-17; A 12-16; P 6-9. Ventral row of serial photophores: IP 4-6,
PV 5-7, VAV7-9, AC 6-10, total 25-29; lateral row of serial photophores:
OV 5-6, VAL 6-8, total 11-14. Vertebrae 42-46. Barbel from half to 1.5
times head length, its tip either with small flattened wings or with a long,
grooved swelling.
Body black; larger specimens with pale, luminous
patches on sides of body and gill cover. Attains 18 cm.
Circumglobal in tropical waters, taken between 33° and
35°S on Atlantic side but not yet south of 20
0
S on our east
coast.
69.3 Astronesthes indicus: 12 em (after Regan & Trewavas, 1929).
69.4 Astronesthes martensii
Klunzinger, 1871
Astronesthes martensii Klunzinger, 1871: 594 (Red Sea); Lutken, 1892:
276*; Regan & Trewavas, 1929: 17*.
D 10-13; A 17-21; P 6. Ventral row of serial photophores: IP 10-11,
PV 16-19 , VA V 19-21, AC 11-13, total 59-65; lateral row of serial photophores: OV 16-18, VAL 18-21, total 36-38. Vertebrae 50-53. Barbel
usually equal to 1.5 times head length; a very small swelling at tip, usually
longer than wide.
Body with silvery sides; a prominent black patch on ventral caudal peduncle. Attains 14 cm. Indonesia to Red Sea
69.4 Astronesthes martensii: (after LOtken, 1892).
232
and south to Durban. Many specimens taken in midwater
trawls, but most larger ones in bottom trawls, suggesting
that adults live close to the bottom.
69.5 Astronesthes niger
Richardson, 1844
Astronesthes nigra Richardson, 1844: 97, PI. 50 Figs. 1-3 ("Habitat
unknown, presumed to be S. China Sea"). Astronesthes niger: Regan &
Trewavas, 1929: 20*; Gibbs, 1964: 327*; Gibbs, 1984: 330*.
D 14-17; A 12-16; P 7-9. Ventral row of serial photophores: IP 8-10, PV
12-15, VA V 18-22, AC 11-13, total 50-56; lateral row of serial photophores: OV 11-16, VAL 17-23, total 30-37. Vertebrae 46-51. Barbell.5
times to less than l"2 head length, its tip forming a long, slender swelling.
Body black, pale luminous patches present on middle of
snout and along front of upper jaw at most sizes, developing
with growth on shoulder and on lower sides between P and
V and below D. Attains 16 cm. Not yet reported from our
area, but taken in adjacent Atlantic and north of 20 0 S in
Indian Ocean.
69.5 Astronesthes niger: 6 em (after Weitzman, 1967).
69.6 Astronesthes trifibulatus
Gibbs, Amaoka & Haruta, 1984
Astronesthes trifibulatus Gibbs, Amaoka & Haruta, 1984: 1, Fig. 1 (off
Oahu, Hawaii).
D 11-14; A 18-21; P 6-7. Ventral row of serial photophores: IP 9-12, PV
15-17, VA V 23-25, AC 11-12, total 60-64; lateral row of serial photophores: OV 15-17, VAL 24-27, total 40-43. Vertebrae 54-56. Barbel
shorter to slightly longer than bead, its tip forming a short, broad swelling,
usually with a slender terminal projection and a pair of filaments arising
from its sides.
Body black; pale luminous patches present around postorbital organ in some larger specimens. Attains more than
13 cm. Tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific; taken in
Mozambique Channel.
69.6 Astronesthes trifibulatus: 9.5 em SL paratype (after Gibbs et aI., 1984).