55: ENGRAULIDAE (ANCHOVIES)
Silver stripe along flanks. Attains 8 cm. Endemic to east
coast, from northern Mozambique, south at least to
Swartkops estuary; common along shore and in estuaries.
55.3 Stolephorus indicus
(van Hasselt, 1823)
Indian anchovy
Indiese ansjovis
Engraulis indica van Hasselt, 1823: 329 (on Russell's Nattoo of
Vizagapatnam). Anchoviella indica: Smith, SFSA No. 118*. Stolephorus
indicus: Whitehead, 1973: 225*; Wongratana, 1981: 231 *; Whitehead &
Wongratana, 1984: ENGR Stol 5*.
D iii, 12-14; A iii,16-18; P i,12-15; V i,6; LS 38-42; lower GR 21-28; prepelvic scutes 3-6. Body subcylindrical, belly rounded with usually 3-5
needle-like scutes before V. Tip of upper jaw bluntly pointed, reaching
only to front margin of preopercle.
A silver stripe down flanks. Attains 15 cm. Rare in Natal
and southern Mozambique, but elsewhere common along
east African coast and throughout Indo-Pacific.
55.3 Stofephorus indicus: 12.5 em SL.
55.4 Stolephorus punctifer
(Fowler, 1938)
Buccaneer anchovy
Seerower-ansjovis
Encrasicholina puilcti!er Fowler, 1938: 157* (Fare Bay, Huaheine,
Society Ids.); Stolephorus buccaneeri: Whitehead, 1973: 222*; Wongratana, 1981: 224*; Whitehead & Wongratana, 1984: ENGR StoI2*.
D ii,1O-13; A ii,12-15; P i,12-16; Vi,6; LS 39-43; lower GR 21-27; prepelvic scutes 2-7. Body subcylindrical; belly rounded, usually with 4-5
needle-like scutes before V. Tip of maxilla bluntly rounded, reaching only
to front margin of preopercle.
A silver stripe along flanks. Attains 85 mm. East coast
south to St. Lucia, perhaps to Durban, but more samples
needed; throughout Indo-Pacific to Hawaii.
55.4 Stofephorus punctifer: 8.5 em SL.
206
Genus Thryssa Cuvier, 1829
Body compressed, with a sharp keel of scutes from gill
opening to anus. Fowler (1941) and subsequent authors
wrongly used the genus Thrissocles Jordan & Evermann,
1917. Twenty-two species, all Indo-Pacific; 2 in our area.
KEY TO SPECIES
1a Maxilla reaching base of P; lower GR 18-24 ...... T. vitrirostris
1 b Maxilla filamentous at tip, reaching to V or beyond;
lower GR 10-12 ......................... T. setirostris
55.5 Thryssa setirostris
(Broussonet, 1782)
PLATE 9
Longjaw glassnose
Snor-glasneus
Clupea setirostris Broussonet, 1782: text and PI. 2, no pagination
(Society Ids.). Thrissocles setirostris: Smith, SFSA No. 122*. Thryssa
setirostris: Whitehead, 1973: 230*; Wongratana, 1981: 293*; Whitehead
& Wongratana, 1984: ENG R Thrys 3 * .
D iii,1l-12; A iii,29-36; P i,ll-13; V i,6; LS 41-46; lower GR 10-12;
scutes (16-18)+(9-10).
Attains 15 cm. East coast south to Transkei, perhaps to
East London; apparently less common than T. vitrirostris.
Throughout Indian Ocean to Indonesia and China.
55.5 Thryssa setirostris: 13 em Sl.,.
55.6 Thryssa vitrirostris
(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908)
PLATE 9
Orangemouth glassnose
Oranjebek-glasneus
Engraulis vitrirostris Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908: 201 (Durban). Thrissocles malabaricus (non Bloch) Smith, SFSA No. 121*. Thryssa vitrirostris:
Whitehead, 1973: 233*; Wongratana, 1981: 269*; Whitehead & Wongratana, 1984: ENGR Thrys 2*.
D iii,1O-11; A iii,31-40; P i,1l-12; V 1',6, LS 40-44; lower GR 18-24;
scutes (16-19)+(8-12).
Attains 22 cm. East coast south to Port Alfred; apparently common along shore and in estuaries. East Africa to
Persian Gulf and coasts of India.
Silver stripe along flanks. Attains 8 cm. Endemic to east
coast, from northern Mozambique, south at least to
Swartkops estuary; common along shore and in estuaries.
55.3 Stolephorus indicus
(van Hasselt, 1823)
Indian anchovy
Indiese ansjovis
Engraulis indica van Hasselt, 1823: 329 (on Russell's Nattoo of
Vizagapatnam). Anchoviella indica: Smith, SFSA No. 118*. Stolephorus
indicus: Whitehead, 1973: 225*; Wongratana, 1981: 231 *; Whitehead &
Wongratana, 1984: ENGR Stol 5*.
D iii, 12-14; A iii,16-18; P i,12-15; V i,6; LS 38-42; lower GR 21-28; prepelvic scutes 3-6. Body subcylindrical, belly rounded with usually 3-5
needle-like scutes before V. Tip of upper jaw bluntly pointed, reaching
only to front margin of preopercle.
A silver stripe down flanks. Attains 15 cm. Rare in Natal
and southern Mozambique, but elsewhere common along
east African coast and throughout Indo-Pacific.
55.3 Stofephorus indicus: 12.5 em SL.
55.4 Stolephorus punctifer
(Fowler, 1938)
Buccaneer anchovy
Seerower-ansjovis
Encrasicholina puilcti!er Fowler, 1938: 157* (Fare Bay, Huaheine,
Society Ids.); Stolephorus buccaneeri: Whitehead, 1973: 222*; Wongratana, 1981: 224*; Whitehead & Wongratana, 1984: ENGR StoI2*.
D ii,1O-13; A ii,12-15; P i,12-16; Vi,6; LS 39-43; lower GR 21-27; prepelvic scutes 2-7. Body subcylindrical; belly rounded, usually with 4-5
needle-like scutes before V. Tip of maxilla bluntly rounded, reaching only
to front margin of preopercle.
A silver stripe along flanks. Attains 85 mm. East coast
south to St. Lucia, perhaps to Durban, but more samples
needed; throughout Indo-Pacific to Hawaii.
55.4 Stofephorus punctifer: 8.5 em SL.
206
Genus Thryssa Cuvier, 1829
Body compressed, with a sharp keel of scutes from gill
opening to anus. Fowler (1941) and subsequent authors
wrongly used the genus Thrissocles Jordan & Evermann,
1917. Twenty-two species, all Indo-Pacific; 2 in our area.
KEY TO SPECIES
1a Maxilla reaching base of P; lower GR 18-24 ...... T. vitrirostris
1 b Maxilla filamentous at tip, reaching to V or beyond;
lower GR 10-12 ......................... T. setirostris
55.5 Thryssa setirostris
(Broussonet, 1782)
PLATE 9
Longjaw glassnose
Snor-glasneus
Clupea setirostris Broussonet, 1782: text and PI. 2, no pagination
(Society Ids.). Thrissocles setirostris: Smith, SFSA No. 122*. Thryssa
setirostris: Whitehead, 1973: 230*; Wongratana, 1981: 293*; Whitehead
& Wongratana, 1984: ENG R Thrys 3 * .
D iii,1l-12; A iii,29-36; P i,ll-13; V i,6; LS 41-46; lower GR 10-12;
scutes (16-18)+(9-10).
Attains 15 cm. East coast south to Transkei, perhaps to
East London; apparently less common than T. vitrirostris.
Throughout Indian Ocean to Indonesia and China.
55.5 Thryssa setirostris: 13 em Sl.,.
55.6 Thryssa vitrirostris
(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908)
PLATE 9
Orangemouth glassnose
Oranjebek-glasneus
Engraulis vitrirostris Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908: 201 (Durban). Thrissocles malabaricus (non Bloch) Smith, SFSA No. 121*. Thryssa vitrirostris:
Whitehead, 1973: 233*; Wongratana, 1981: 269*; Whitehead & Wongratana, 1984: ENGR Thrys 2*.
D iii,1O-11; A iii,31-40; P i,1l-12; V 1',6, LS 40-44; lower GR 18-24;
scutes (16-19)+(8-12).
Attains 22 cm. East coast south to Port Alfred; apparently common along shore and in estuaries. East Africa to
Persian Gulf and coasts of India.