15
12
E
.e
~
9
....
C\
c:
~
'0
t.
6
. .
'0
c:
. .
.... .,
3
0
15
12
E
.e
~
9
.... co
c
~
'0
t.
6
..
'0
C
..
.... .,
3
0
15
12
'0
fa 6
'0
c:
..
.... .,
3
growth rate (mm day-I)
A
growth rate (mm day-1)
rJt!
1.53
B
growth rate (mm day"l)
1.84
C
~~----~2------~4-------6~----~B~----~10
da.ys of' culture
Fig. 12.
Growth of Thamnocephalus platyurus reared at
25.5±1.0 °C in the flow through system using diets I (A), 2 (B)
& 3 (C). Test cultures (A-C) started with 24 h-old larvae. Bars
represent standard deviations.
Cultured individuals of Branchinecta lindahli had
a mean size (standard length) of 1.13 mm at day 3, and
14.79 mm (males) and 12.48 mm (females) at day 11.
They had a mean size increment of 13.66 mm (males)
and 11.35 mm (females) in 8 days (1.70 mm d- 1 in
males, 1.41 mm d- 1 in females), which represent a
specific growth rate of 151.1 % (length) d- 1 males and
125.5% (length) d- 1 females at 20.0-21.5 DC. B. lindahli females reached maturity at day 7, at a standard
155
100
A
UJ
80
.....
ttl
.!:' ;
c:
ttl
60
.... 0
t...
OJ
40
.Cl
e
::>
c:
20
0
100
B
~
...... 80
'" >
- > t... 60
::>
UJ
'"
>
- 40
.....
~
::>
e
'" 20
u
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
days of culture
Fig. 13. Survival of Branchinecta lindahli reared at 20.0- 21.5 °C
in the flow through system using diet 3. Test culture starled with
3 days-old larvae. A. Survival after 3-5, 5-7, 7-9 & 9-11 (days)
culture periods. Bars represent standard deviations. B. Cumulative
survival.
length of 8.0-10.0 mm, and started to produce cysts on
day 8. Early development and maturity are an advantage in small and temporary waters, and this explains
the occurrence of this species in smallest, extremely
temporary and erratic pools in California, USA (see
Eng et aI., 1990).
Other authors have also reported high growth rates
for anostracans in static cultures. Prophet (1963a)
reported on Branchinecta packardi (cited as B. lindahli: Belk, pers. comm.) a rapid preadult development and sexually maturity within nine days when
cultured at 20°C. He observed copulation at 10 mm
length (Prophet, 1963a). Moore (1957) mentioned that
S. sealii fed yeast and reared at 25°C, reached maturity within 8 days at a length of ca 12 mm. This represents a size increment of ca 1.4 mm d -I, and a specific
growth rate of ca 237% (length) d- I . Similar data were
recorded by Sluzheuskaya-Drobysheva (1982) in cultures of Streptocephalus torvicornis using yeast and
12
E
.e
~
9
....
C\
c:
~
'0
t.
6
. .
'0
c:
. .
.... .,
3
0
15
12
E
.e
~
9
.... co
c
~
'0
t.
6
..
'0
C
..
.... .,
3
0
15
12
'0
fa 6
'0
c:
..
.... .,
3
growth rate (mm day-I)
A
growth rate (mm day-1)
rJt!
1.53
B
growth rate (mm day"l)
1.84
C
~~----~2------~4-------6~----~B~----~10
da.ys of' culture
Fig. 12.
Growth of Thamnocephalus platyurus reared at
25.5±1.0 °C in the flow through system using diets I (A), 2 (B)
& 3 (C). Test cultures (A-C) started with 24 h-old larvae. Bars
represent standard deviations.
Cultured individuals of Branchinecta lindahli had
a mean size (standard length) of 1.13 mm at day 3, and
14.79 mm (males) and 12.48 mm (females) at day 11.
They had a mean size increment of 13.66 mm (males)
and 11.35 mm (females) in 8 days (1.70 mm d- 1 in
males, 1.41 mm d- 1 in females), which represent a
specific growth rate of 151.1 % (length) d- 1 males and
125.5% (length) d- 1 females at 20.0-21.5 DC. B. lindahli females reached maturity at day 7, at a standard
155
100
A
UJ
80
.....
ttl
.!:' ;
c:
ttl
60
.... 0
t...
OJ
40
.Cl
e
::>
c:
20
0
100
B
~
...... 80
'" >
- > t... 60
::>
UJ
'"
>
- 40
.....
~
::>
e
'" 20
u
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
days of culture
Fig. 13. Survival of Branchinecta lindahli reared at 20.0- 21.5 °C
in the flow through system using diet 3. Test culture starled with
3 days-old larvae. A. Survival after 3-5, 5-7, 7-9 & 9-11 (days)
culture periods. Bars represent standard deviations. B. Cumulative
survival.
length of 8.0-10.0 mm, and started to produce cysts on
day 8. Early development and maturity are an advantage in small and temporary waters, and this explains
the occurrence of this species in smallest, extremely
temporary and erratic pools in California, USA (see
Eng et aI., 1990).
Other authors have also reported high growth rates
for anostracans in static cultures. Prophet (1963a)
reported on Branchinecta packardi (cited as B. lindahli: Belk, pers. comm.) a rapid preadult development and sexually maturity within nine days when
cultured at 20°C. He observed copulation at 10 mm
length (Prophet, 1963a). Moore (1957) mentioned that
S. sealii fed yeast and reared at 25°C, reached maturity within 8 days at a length of ca 12 mm. This represents a size increment of ca 1.4 mm d -I, and a specific
growth rate of ca 237% (length) d- I . Similar data were
recorded by Sluzheuskaya-Drobysheva (1982) in cultures of Streptocephalus torvicornis using yeast and