Index
259
discharge cleanup, 70–71
growing area and surrounding influences
Collingwood marine farms, 66, 67
shellfish harvesting, 67
pollution source, 67–68
resistance, problem handling
dairy farming, 68
Fonterra Accord, 68
marine farming, 69
self management, 71
user pays system and self regulation, 66
NSSP. See National Shellfish Sanitation
Program (NSSP)
O
Okadaic acid (OA)
accumulation
CAT activity, 222, 223
CPR activity, 220, 222
Dinophysis acuminata, 217, 218
Dinophysis acuta, 217, 218
extractions, 219–220
GLO I activity, 221–223
GPXtot activity, 222, 223
GST activity, 221, 222
homogenization, 219
M. galloprovincialis (see Mytilus
galloprovincialis (Mussels))
microalgae, 217
sample collection, 218
acute exposure, 117
acute risk characterization, 121
bivalve molluscs, 80
chronic exposure, 119
chronic risk characterization, 123
OC curves
principle, 94
tests and selection, 97–99
sampling, 90
toxins
mussels, 90
Whitaker’s method
acceptance probabilities, 93, 97
interpretation results, 95–97
theoretical distribution, 91, 95–96
variance, 92–93, 96–97
Operating characteristics (OC) curves
principle, 94
tests and selection
multiple samples strategy, 98–99
sample size, 98
Oyster tissues
Cd accumulation, 143–144, 149
Cd correlation, 149–150
as concentration, 145, 149
as correlation, 150
determination of, 141
Pb and Hg, 145
sample collection, 140
P
PAH. See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs)
Paphia undulata, 58
Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP)
centralized vs. decentralized monitoring
systems
BFAR, 49
MBA, 49, 50
toxin quantitation, 50
declining cases, 60
geographic extent, 47, 48
Information, Education and
Communication (IEC)
causes and prediction, 55, 59
outbreaks/HAB occurrence, 54–56
outreach materials, 50–53
respondents, 55, 57
symptoms, 55, 59
marine poisoning, 47, 48
national regulation limit, 50
occurrences, 47
research interventions, 57
socio-economic impacts, Sorsogon Bay,
60–62
toxicity evolution
A. catenella, 19
Bah´ ıa Brown’s mussels, 20
Beagle Channel, 15–16
cyst production, 19–20
history, 15–17
low water temperatures, 21
materials and methods, 17
Punta Paran´ a’s mussels, 21
in spring and winter, 22
toxicity levels, 18–19
toxicity variation
shellfish species, 57–60
shellfish tissues, 60
toxins, 41–44
PCBs. See Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Pecten maximus, 105
259
discharge cleanup, 70–71
growing area and surrounding influences
Collingwood marine farms, 66, 67
shellfish harvesting, 67
pollution source, 67–68
resistance, problem handling
dairy farming, 68
Fonterra Accord, 68
marine farming, 69
self management, 71
user pays system and self regulation, 66
NSSP. See National Shellfish Sanitation
Program (NSSP)
O
Okadaic acid (OA)
accumulation
CAT activity, 222, 223
CPR activity, 220, 222
Dinophysis acuminata, 217, 218
Dinophysis acuta, 217, 218
extractions, 219–220
GLO I activity, 221–223
GPXtot activity, 222, 223
GST activity, 221, 222
homogenization, 219
M. galloprovincialis (see Mytilus
galloprovincialis (Mussels))
microalgae, 217
sample collection, 218
acute exposure, 117
acute risk characterization, 121
bivalve molluscs, 80
chronic exposure, 119
chronic risk characterization, 123
OC curves
principle, 94
tests and selection, 97–99
sampling, 90
toxins
mussels, 90
Whitaker’s method
acceptance probabilities, 93, 97
interpretation results, 95–97
theoretical distribution, 91, 95–96
variance, 92–93, 96–97
Operating characteristics (OC) curves
principle, 94
tests and selection
multiple samples strategy, 98–99
sample size, 98
Oyster tissues
Cd accumulation, 143–144, 149
Cd correlation, 149–150
as concentration, 145, 149
as correlation, 150
determination of, 141
Pb and Hg, 145
sample collection, 140
P
PAH. See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs)
Paphia undulata, 58
Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP)
centralized vs. decentralized monitoring
systems
BFAR, 49
MBA, 49, 50
toxin quantitation, 50
declining cases, 60
geographic extent, 47, 48
Information, Education and
Communication (IEC)
causes and prediction, 55, 59
outbreaks/HAB occurrence, 54–56
outreach materials, 50–53
respondents, 55, 57
symptoms, 55, 59
marine poisoning, 47, 48
national regulation limit, 50
occurrences, 47
research interventions, 57
socio-economic impacts, Sorsogon Bay,
60–62
toxicity evolution
A. catenella, 19
Bah´ ıa Brown’s mussels, 20
Beagle Channel, 15–16
cyst production, 19–20
history, 15–17
low water temperatures, 21
materials and methods, 17
Punta Paran´ a’s mussels, 21
in spring and winter, 22
toxicity levels, 18–19
toxicity variation
shellfish species, 57–60
shellfish tissues, 60
toxins, 41–44
PCBs. See Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Pecten maximus, 105