122
C. Picot et al.
no ARfD has been allocated for SPX (Toyofuku 2006). In 2008 and 2009, the
EFSA panel proposed ARfD values of 30 and 0.30 g/kg bw for DAs and OAs,
respectively (EFSA 2008, 2009).
Domoic Acid and Analogs
In this study, all of the acute-exposure assessments for DA gave values less than the
DA ARfD established by the JECFA and the EFSA.
Okadaic Acid and Analogs
Concerning OAs, the highest probabilistic assessment (for harvested cockles) led to
a mean exposure and a 95th percentile of, respectively, about 2.5-fold and 9-fold the
OA ARfD, but to a median exposure almost 1.25-fold less than the OA ARfD. One
should note that, for purchased bivalves, all exposures (means, medians and 95th
percentiles) were below the OA ARfD, and except for high consumers of mussels,
they are above the acute reference value.
Spirolides
Characterizing the SPX acute risk by comparison of the acute exposure with
the ARfD cannot be realized because of the unavailability of SPX ARfD value.
This is explained by the lack of quantitative data for acute oral toxicity of this
phycotoxin. However, only in order to have an idea of the order of magnitude of the
margin of exposure, the acute exposure could be compared with the LD0 (Lethal
Dose).
1 Munday (2008) studied acute oral exposure to SPX by mice. In the case
of oral administration of SPX to mice, two were results LD0’s equal to 53 and
400 g/kg.bw, after for feeling and feeding with cheese cream containing SPX,
respectively.
In the case of the most representative way of administration (mice feeding with
cheese cream containing SPX), the highest probabilistic assessment (for harvested
cockles) led to a mean exposure and a 95th percentile of, respectively, about 5,000fold and 1,600-fold less than the SPX LD0. Comparing with the most protective
LD0 (D 53 g/kg bw), the highest probabilistic assessment (for harvested cockles)
led to a mean exposure and a 95th percentile of, respectively, about 675-fold and
210-fold less than the SPX LD0.
1 LD 0 (Lethal Dose 0): the amount of a chemical that if administered to an animal will kill 0 % of
the sample population.
C. Picot et al.
no ARfD has been allocated for SPX (Toyofuku 2006). In 2008 and 2009, the
EFSA panel proposed ARfD values of 30 and 0.30 g/kg bw for DAs and OAs,
respectively (EFSA 2008, 2009).
Domoic Acid and Analogs
In this study, all of the acute-exposure assessments for DA gave values less than the
DA ARfD established by the JECFA and the EFSA.
Okadaic Acid and Analogs
Concerning OAs, the highest probabilistic assessment (for harvested cockles) led to
a mean exposure and a 95th percentile of, respectively, about 2.5-fold and 9-fold the
OA ARfD, but to a median exposure almost 1.25-fold less than the OA ARfD. One
should note that, for purchased bivalves, all exposures (means, medians and 95th
percentiles) were below the OA ARfD, and except for high consumers of mussels,
they are above the acute reference value.
Spirolides
Characterizing the SPX acute risk by comparison of the acute exposure with
the ARfD cannot be realized because of the unavailability of SPX ARfD value.
This is explained by the lack of quantitative data for acute oral toxicity of this
phycotoxin. However, only in order to have an idea of the order of magnitude of the
margin of exposure, the acute exposure could be compared with the LD0 (Lethal
Dose).
1 Munday (2008) studied acute oral exposure to SPX by mice. In the case
of oral administration of SPX to mice, two were results LD0’s equal to 53 and
400 g/kg.bw, after for feeling and feeding with cheese cream containing SPX,
respectively.
In the case of the most representative way of administration (mice feeding with
cheese cream containing SPX), the highest probabilistic assessment (for harvested
cockles) led to a mean exposure and a 95th percentile of, respectively, about 5,000fold and 1,600-fold less than the SPX LD0. Comparing with the most protective
LD0 (D 53 g/kg bw), the highest probabilistic assessment (for harvested cockles)
led to a mean exposure and a 95th percentile of, respectively, about 675-fold and
210-fold less than the SPX LD0.
1 LD 0 (Lethal Dose 0): the amount of a chemical that if administered to an animal will kill 0 % of
the sample population.