278
macrophytes 4,16,148
maintenance 40, 67, 68,76,77,81,84-86,
92,97,101, ISS, 191
Markov chain 94
rnass-balance equation 14, 30, 54, 119, 120,
122,160, 170, 171,188, 191
maternal effects 97,100,112,212
maternity function 101, 103,243
maturation 65, 86, 87
median 22, 42-48, 50, 56, 60,108-110,120
mesotrophic 154
Michaelis-Menten model 35, 38, 79,191
Microcystis 46, 56
midgut 66
mixotrophy 22
molt cycle 65, 68
molting 72, 74, 77, 84, 86, 92, 101, 102, 107,
111,233
Monod model 38, 39, 44-51, 57, 59, 158160,171,173-177,211,231
morphometric parameters 3,15
mortality 29, 94, 96,100,107,112,113,
118-120,124,126,143,145,160,167,
192,208,239,243,259,261
multiple stationary states 9, 132
multiplicative model 51
n-cycle 195
neonate 65, 70-77, 81, 85, 96, 97,102,106,
107,113
neutral stability 117
niche 165, 166,203,211
nitrogen limitation 33, 34, 54, 178, 182,
186,232
non-selective grazing 159, 160,177,181,
190,211
non-predatory losses 20, 21, 94, 119
nutrient
conservation 128
economy 87, SS
enrichment 165,212
limitation 34, 35, 38, 39, 88,119,131,
138,158,169,207
recycling 29, 30, 90,119,178-181,203,
207
uptake 11,30,33,35,39,59,158,177,
181,202,211,232
utilization II, 30, 31, 33, 40, 59, 88-90,
119,181,182,202
omnivory 8, 27
optimal N:P ratio 6, 56, 57,178
optimal foraging 79
oocyte 97,100
oogenesis 65
outflow 14, 16,26,29
outset 135, 137
outstructure 135-137, 155
Subject index
overgrazed phase 138, 139, 164, 165,198,
209
overheads on growth 68, 75
Paracalanus SS
paradox
of enrichment 9, 117, 118, 130, 154, 209
of the plankton 157, 182,204
parthenogenesis 64, 65
particulate phosphorus 22, 23-25
peak detection 262
PEG model 177, 178
period-doubling cascade 9,194-197,199,
200
periodic orbit 11,130,132,135,140,193196,200,202,203,210,212
permissible P loading 147
persistence II, 123, 126, 130, 133, 135, 139,
148,259
~~d~I~I~I~I~I~I~
148,154,155,209,210,258-261
perturbation 52,106,122,245,250
phase-lagged cycles 212
phase portrait 138, 164, 183, 194,195
phosphorus
biomass relationships 21,149, lSI, ISS,
200,210
budget 7, 25
cycle 11,25-30,64, 119, lSI, 154, 159,
187 -190, 200, 208
competition 50
economy 19,24,122,145,208
limitation 14, 33, 36, 37,40,43-45,51,
53,59,122, ISO, 182, 186, 189-191,208,
232
loading 14-18, 21, 25, 30, 122, 124, 126,
136,138-148,151,154,160-164,174,
175,177,182,192-196,200,207,209,249
retention 3, 7, IS, 16,21,24,26,30, 121,
124,143,144,151,155,208
uptake 35, 37, 44, 48, 51,159,175,190
photochemical processes 188
photosynthesis 39
piecewise linear function 79, 80, 90,102,
121,122,129,160,169,171,179,246
piscivorous fish 4, 10,26
planktivorous fish 2, 4, 6,10,26,27,63,94
Poincare-Bendixson theorem 117
population growth 11,82,94,100,103-107
positive cone 122,133-135
macrophytes 4,16,148
maintenance 40, 67, 68,76,77,81,84-86,
92,97,101, ISS, 191
Markov chain 94
rnass-balance equation 14, 30, 54, 119, 120,
122,160, 170, 171,188, 191
maternal effects 97,100,112,212
maternity function 101, 103,243
maturation 65, 86, 87
median 22, 42-48, 50, 56, 60,108-110,120
mesotrophic 154
Michaelis-Menten model 35, 38, 79,191
Microcystis 46, 56
midgut 66
mixotrophy 22
molt cycle 65, 68
molting 72, 74, 77, 84, 86, 92, 101, 102, 107,
111,233
Monod model 38, 39, 44-51, 57, 59, 158160,171,173-177,211,231
morphometric parameters 3,15
mortality 29, 94, 96,100,107,112,113,
118-120,124,126,143,145,160,167,
192,208,239,243,259,261
multiple stationary states 9, 132
multiplicative model 51
n-cycle 195
neonate 65, 70-77, 81, 85, 96, 97,102,106,
107,113
neutral stability 117
niche 165, 166,203,211
nitrogen limitation 33, 34, 54, 178, 182,
186,232
non-selective grazing 159, 160,177,181,
190,211
non-predatory losses 20, 21, 94, 119
nutrient
conservation 128
economy 87, SS
enrichment 165,212
limitation 34, 35, 38, 39, 88,119,131,
138,158,169,207
recycling 29, 30, 90,119,178-181,203,
207
uptake 11,30,33,35,39,59,158,177,
181,202,211,232
utilization II, 30, 31, 33, 40, 59, 88-90,
119,181,182,202
omnivory 8, 27
optimal N:P ratio 6, 56, 57,178
optimal foraging 79
oocyte 97,100
oogenesis 65
outflow 14, 16,26,29
outset 135, 137
outstructure 135-137, 155
Subject index
overgrazed phase 138, 139, 164, 165,198,
209
overheads on growth 68, 75
Paracalanus SS
paradox
of enrichment 9, 117, 118, 130, 154, 209
of the plankton 157, 182,204
parthenogenesis 64, 65
particulate phosphorus 22, 23-25
peak detection 262
PEG model 177, 178
period-doubling cascade 9,194-197,199,
200
periodic orbit 11,130,132,135,140,193196,200,202,203,210,212
permissible P loading 147
persistence II, 123, 126, 130, 133, 135, 139,
148,259
~~d~I~I~I~I~I~I~
148,154,155,209,210,258-261
perturbation 52,106,122,245,250
phase-lagged cycles 212
phase portrait 138, 164, 183, 194,195
phosphorus
biomass relationships 21,149, lSI, ISS,
200,210
budget 7, 25
cycle 11,25-30,64, 119, lSI, 154, 159,
187 -190, 200, 208
competition 50
economy 19,24,122,145,208
limitation 14, 33, 36, 37,40,43-45,51,
53,59,122, ISO, 182, 186, 189-191,208,
232
loading 14-18, 21, 25, 30, 122, 124, 126,
136,138-148,151,154,160-164,174,
175,177,182,192-196,200,207,209,249
retention 3, 7, IS, 16,21,24,26,30, 121,
124,143,144,151,155,208
uptake 35, 37, 44, 48, 51,159,175,190
photochemical processes 188
photosynthesis 39
piecewise linear function 79, 80, 90,102,
121,122,129,160,169,171,179,246
piscivorous fish 4, 10,26
planktivorous fish 2, 4, 6,10,26,27,63,94
Poincare-Bendixson theorem 117
population growth 11,82,94,100,103-107
positive cone 122,133-135