242
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-8
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tn
no=25
0.3
0
0.2
0
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0
0.1
0.0
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V
no = 100
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
~
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0
0.0
no =400
0.3
0.2
0.1 0 0
--0.0
0.0
0
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,n
0
0.5
Appendices
no=50
0
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no =200
0 0
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no = 800
00
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1.0
Mean survivall(x)
Pig. A4.1. Variability in Daphnia survival curves. open symbols are observed standard
deviations within each crowding level. as functions of mean survival. (Data from Prank et aI.
1957). Solid lines are the predicted relationships between mean and standard deviation from
Eq. (A·U5) for the same initial cohort sizes
AS Elements of Age Distribution Theory
Assume that a population at a given time t (days) can be described by a
continuous distribution n(t,x). where x is individual age (days). such that
the total number of individuals in the population N(t) is given by