González L, León L, Cabrera T, Rengel J (2005) Descripción preliminar de la pesquería de
holoturios, Isostichopus badionotus (Selenka, 1867) en la zona oriental de Venezuela. VI
Congr Venez Ecol, Maracaibo
Goodbody I (1961) Mass mortality of a marine fauna following tropical rains. Ecol 42:150–155
Grasses J (1994) Venezuela. Amenazas Naturales. Terremotos, Maremotos y Huracanes.
Academia de Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas y Naturales de Venezuela. Cámara de
Aseguradores de Venezuela, Caracas
Green EP, Bruckner AW (2000) The significance of coral disease epizootiology for coral reef
conservation. Biol Conserv 96:347–361
Harvell CD, Kim K, Burkholder JM, Colwell RR, Epstein PR, Grimes DJ, Hofmann EE, Lipp
EK, Osterhaus AD, Overstreet RM, Porter JW, Smith GW, Vasta GR (1999) Emerging marine
diseases-climate links and anthropogenic factors. Science 285:1505–1510
Hendler G, Littman B (1986) The ploys of sex: relationships among the mode of reproduction,
body size and habitats of coral-reef brittlestars. Coral Reefs 5:31–42
Hendler G, Miller J (1984) Ophioderma devaneyi and Ophioderma ensiferum, new brittlestars
species from the Western Atlantic (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Proc Biol Soc Wash
97:442–461
Hendler G, Miller JE, Pawson DL, Kier PM (1995) Sea stars sea urchins and allies: Echinoderms
of Florida and the Caribbean. Smith Inst Press, Washington, DC
Hernández I (2010) Ofiuroideos (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) de la Isla de Cubagua, Bachelor’s
degree Thesis Univ Oriente, Cumaná, Venezuela
Herrera FC (1991) La respuesta ion-osmótica en equinodermos y celenterados. IV Congr
Latinoam Cien Mar (COLACMAR), Univ Católica del Norte, Coquimbo
Herrera FC, Foglietta LM (1998) Ouabain and the ionosmotic properties of echinoderm cells: from
steady-state partial double Donnan to passive Donnan. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 231:239–254
Herrera FC, López I (1983) Relationship between external sodium concentration and intracellular
osmotic effectors in respiratory tree of Holothuria glaberrima. Comp Bioch Physiol 74A:
267–274
Herrera FC, Plaza YM (1981a) The role of extracellular sodium in isosmotic intracellular
regulation in the respiratory tree of Holothuria glaberrima. Comp Bioch Physiol 68A:373–382
Herrera FC, Plaza YM (1981b) Extracellular cations and respiration of tissues of Holothuria
glaberrima. Comp Bioch Physiol 70:27–32
Herrera FC, Herrera MI, López I (2000) Further studies on the partial bouble donnan is isosmotic
KCl solution isotonic with cells of respiratory trees of the holothurian Isostichopus badionotus
Selenka. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 247:139–152
Hill BJ, Wassenberg TJ (1990) Fate of discards from prawn trawlers in Torres Strait. Aust J Mar
Freshw Res 41:53–64
Hoover PR (1981) Paleontology, taphonomy and paleoecology of the Palmarito Formation
(Permian of Venezuela). Bull Amer Paleontol 80:1–138
Hunte W, Cote I, Tomascik T (1986) On the dynamics of the mass mortality of Diadema
antillarum in Barbados. Coral Reefs 4:135–139
Iglesias N, Penchaszadeh P (1983) Mercury in sea stars from Golfo Triste, Venezuela. Mar Poll
Bull 14:396–398
Jackson JBC, Cubit JD, Keller BD, Batista V, Burns K, Caffey HM, Cladwell RL, Garrity CD,
Getter CD, González C, Guzmán HM, Kaufmann KW, Knap AH, Levings SC, Marshall MJ,
Steger R, Thompson RC, Weil E (1989) Ecological effects of a major oil spill on panamanian
coastal marine communities. Science 243:37–44
Jackson JBC, Jung P, Coates A, Collins S (1993) Diversity and extinction of tropical American
mollusks and emergence of the Isthmus of Panama. Science 260:1624–1626
Jangoux M (1978) Les étoiles de mer (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) récoltées par le M/V Calamar
au large des Guyanes et du Venezuela. Bull Zool Mus Univ Amsterdam 6:93–101
Jangoux M (1984) Diseases of echinoderms. Helgolander Meeresunters 37:207–216
Jeannet A (1928) Contribution á l‘étude des échinides tertiaires de la Trinité et du Venezuela.
Mém Soc Paléontol Suisse 48:1–49
270
C. Lodeiros et al.
holoturios, Isostichopus badionotus (Selenka, 1867) en la zona oriental de Venezuela. VI
Congr Venez Ecol, Maracaibo
Goodbody I (1961) Mass mortality of a marine fauna following tropical rains. Ecol 42:150–155
Grasses J (1994) Venezuela. Amenazas Naturales. Terremotos, Maremotos y Huracanes.
Academia de Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas y Naturales de Venezuela. Cámara de
Aseguradores de Venezuela, Caracas
Green EP, Bruckner AW (2000) The significance of coral disease epizootiology for coral reef
conservation. Biol Conserv 96:347–361
Harvell CD, Kim K, Burkholder JM, Colwell RR, Epstein PR, Grimes DJ, Hofmann EE, Lipp
EK, Osterhaus AD, Overstreet RM, Porter JW, Smith GW, Vasta GR (1999) Emerging marine
diseases-climate links and anthropogenic factors. Science 285:1505–1510
Hendler G, Littman B (1986) The ploys of sex: relationships among the mode of reproduction,
body size and habitats of coral-reef brittlestars. Coral Reefs 5:31–42
Hendler G, Miller J (1984) Ophioderma devaneyi and Ophioderma ensiferum, new brittlestars
species from the Western Atlantic (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Proc Biol Soc Wash
97:442–461
Hendler G, Miller JE, Pawson DL, Kier PM (1995) Sea stars sea urchins and allies: Echinoderms
of Florida and the Caribbean. Smith Inst Press, Washington, DC
Hernández I (2010) Ofiuroideos (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) de la Isla de Cubagua, Bachelor’s
degree Thesis Univ Oriente, Cumaná, Venezuela
Herrera FC (1991) La respuesta ion-osmótica en equinodermos y celenterados. IV Congr
Latinoam Cien Mar (COLACMAR), Univ Católica del Norte, Coquimbo
Herrera FC, Foglietta LM (1998) Ouabain and the ionosmotic properties of echinoderm cells: from
steady-state partial double Donnan to passive Donnan. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 231:239–254
Herrera FC, López I (1983) Relationship between external sodium concentration and intracellular
osmotic effectors in respiratory tree of Holothuria glaberrima. Comp Bioch Physiol 74A:
267–274
Herrera FC, Plaza YM (1981a) The role of extracellular sodium in isosmotic intracellular
regulation in the respiratory tree of Holothuria glaberrima. Comp Bioch Physiol 68A:373–382
Herrera FC, Plaza YM (1981b) Extracellular cations and respiration of tissues of Holothuria
glaberrima. Comp Bioch Physiol 70:27–32
Herrera FC, Herrera MI, López I (2000) Further studies on the partial bouble donnan is isosmotic
KCl solution isotonic with cells of respiratory trees of the holothurian Isostichopus badionotus
Selenka. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 247:139–152
Hill BJ, Wassenberg TJ (1990) Fate of discards from prawn trawlers in Torres Strait. Aust J Mar
Freshw Res 41:53–64
Hoover PR (1981) Paleontology, taphonomy and paleoecology of the Palmarito Formation
(Permian of Venezuela). Bull Amer Paleontol 80:1–138
Hunte W, Cote I, Tomascik T (1986) On the dynamics of the mass mortality of Diadema
antillarum in Barbados. Coral Reefs 4:135–139
Iglesias N, Penchaszadeh P (1983) Mercury in sea stars from Golfo Triste, Venezuela. Mar Poll
Bull 14:396–398
Jackson JBC, Cubit JD, Keller BD, Batista V, Burns K, Caffey HM, Cladwell RL, Garrity CD,
Getter CD, González C, Guzmán HM, Kaufmann KW, Knap AH, Levings SC, Marshall MJ,
Steger R, Thompson RC, Weil E (1989) Ecological effects of a major oil spill on panamanian
coastal marine communities. Science 243:37–44
Jackson JBC, Jung P, Coates A, Collins S (1993) Diversity and extinction of tropical American
mollusks and emergence of the Isthmus of Panama. Science 260:1624–1626
Jangoux M (1978) Les étoiles de mer (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) récoltées par le M/V Calamar
au large des Guyanes et du Venezuela. Bull Zool Mus Univ Amsterdam 6:93–101
Jangoux M (1984) Diseases of echinoderms. Helgolander Meeresunters 37:207–216
Jeannet A (1928) Contribution á l‘étude des échinides tertiaires de la Trinité et du Venezuela.
Mém Soc Paléontol Suisse 48:1–49
270
C. Lodeiros et al.