7.4.5 Lower Miocene
Jeannet (1928) described Brissoma vonderschmitti, Opissaster kugleri and Opissaster sp., which were collected in the upper series of Agua Salada Formation, in
Falcón state. It is an hemipelagic deposit with paleoenvironmental variations
between a deltaic complex and deep waters.
7.4.6 Middle Miocene
All species found for this period come from formations and places in Falcón state
(Jeannet 1928; Cooke 1961). Jeannet (1928) reported Clypeaster sp. and
Pericosmus sp. in rocks of the Capadare region; Clypeaster kugleri, Echinolampas
sp. and Heteroclypeus wiedenmayeri from rocks without formational information
in the vicinity of Caño León, probably La Vela Formation. This should have been
a sedimentary environment in shallow waters, with salinity below normal sea
water and restricted communication with the open ocean. Mihaljevic ´ et al. (2010)
reported that Encope michelini, Encope wiedenmayeri, Encope vonderschmitti and
Encope spp. were found in rocks without formational information in Boca de
Hueque, probably of Punta Gavilán Formation from Pliocene, characterized by the
sedimentation in a marine environment, with depths higher than 100 m within an
external sublittoral zone. These authors also reported Eurhodia falconensis from
rocks without formational information of La Guarava-Santa Clara (probably of
Punta Gavilán Formation); Echinolampas lycopersicus in rocks without formational information from El Bejuco, in Valle de Araurima; and undetermined
species of Encope spp., from rocks without formational information from La
Caridad and Mirimire. Finally, Plagiobrissus lamberti was described in rocks
without formational information from Guaidima to Riecito.
7.4.7 Upper Miocene
Mihaljevic ´ et al. (2010) found Agassizia clevei, Antillaster lamberti, Brissopsis
antillarum, Clypeaster subdepressus, Lytechinus cf. euerces, and Prionocidaris sp.
in La Vela Formation of Falcón state. These authors also found Clypeaster
rosaceus in rocks of Guajira peninsula, probably associated to Castillete Formation
of Zulia state, from deposits formed in environments of brackish to shallow marine
waters, and in Margarita Island (probably from the Cubagua Formation, a member
of Las Tejitas, at Nueva Esparta state). Cooke (1961) and Jeannet (1928) reported
A. lamberti from Ojo de Agua Formation of Falcón state, a paleoenvironment of
deposits in brackish to shallow marine waters, not far from the coast.
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255
Jeannet (1928) described Brissoma vonderschmitti, Opissaster kugleri and Opissaster sp., which were collected in the upper series of Agua Salada Formation, in
Falcón state. It is an hemipelagic deposit with paleoenvironmental variations
between a deltaic complex and deep waters.
7.4.6 Middle Miocene
All species found for this period come from formations and places in Falcón state
(Jeannet 1928; Cooke 1961). Jeannet (1928) reported Clypeaster sp. and
Pericosmus sp. in rocks of the Capadare region; Clypeaster kugleri, Echinolampas
sp. and Heteroclypeus wiedenmayeri from rocks without formational information
in the vicinity of Caño León, probably La Vela Formation. This should have been
a sedimentary environment in shallow waters, with salinity below normal sea
water and restricted communication with the open ocean. Mihaljevic ´ et al. (2010)
reported that Encope michelini, Encope wiedenmayeri, Encope vonderschmitti and
Encope spp. were found in rocks without formational information in Boca de
Hueque, probably of Punta Gavilán Formation from Pliocene, characterized by the
sedimentation in a marine environment, with depths higher than 100 m within an
external sublittoral zone. These authors also reported Eurhodia falconensis from
rocks without formational information of La Guarava-Santa Clara (probably of
Punta Gavilán Formation); Echinolampas lycopersicus in rocks without formational information from El Bejuco, in Valle de Araurima; and undetermined
species of Encope spp., from rocks without formational information from La
Caridad and Mirimire. Finally, Plagiobrissus lamberti was described in rocks
without formational information from Guaidima to Riecito.
7.4.7 Upper Miocene
Mihaljevic ´ et al. (2010) found Agassizia clevei, Antillaster lamberti, Brissopsis
antillarum, Clypeaster subdepressus, Lytechinus cf. euerces, and Prionocidaris sp.
in La Vela Formation of Falcón state. These authors also found Clypeaster
rosaceus in rocks of Guajira peninsula, probably associated to Castillete Formation
of Zulia state, from deposits formed in environments of brackish to shallow marine
waters, and in Margarita Island (probably from the Cubagua Formation, a member
of Las Tejitas, at Nueva Esparta state). Cooke (1961) and Jeannet (1928) reported
A. lamberti from Ojo de Agua Formation of Falcón state, a paleoenvironment of
deposits in brackish to shallow marine waters, not far from the coast.
7 Echinoderms from Venezuela
255