Cruz LG (2000) Campaña de educación ambiental para la conservación y protección del pepino
de mar (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) en 15 comunidades del Archipiélago de Bocas del
Toro y Península Valiente. MSc Thesis, Universidad Santa María La Antigüa, Panama
Cubit JD, Windsor DM, Thompson RC, Burgett JM (1986) Water-level fluctuations, emersion
regimes, and variations of echinoid populations on a Caribbean reef flat. Estuar Coast Shelf
Sci 22:719–737
D’Croz L, Robertson R (1997) Coastal oceanographic conditions affecting coral reefs on both
sides of the Isthmus of Panama. Proceedings of 8th international coral reef symposium,
Panama 2:2053–2058
D’Croz L, Del Rosario JB, Gómez JA (1991) Upwelling and phytoplankton in the Bay of
Panama. Rev Biol Trop 39:233–241
D’Croz L, Del Rosario JB, Góndola P (2005) The effect of fresh water runoff on the distribution
and dissolved inorganic nutrients and plankton in the Bocas del Toro Archipelago, Caribbean
Panama. Carib J Sci 41:414–429
Deichmann E (1941) The Holothurioidea collected by the Velero III during the years 1932–1938.
Part I. Dendrochirota. Allan Hancock Pac Exp 8:61–195
Deichmann E (1958) The Holothurioidea collected by theVelero III and IV during the years 1932
to 1954. Part II Aspidochirota. Allan Hancock Pac Exp 11:253–349
Dexter D (1977) A natural history of the sand dollar Encope stokesi L Agassiz in Panama. Bull
Mar Sci 27:544–551
Döderlein L (1917) Die Asteriden der Siboga-Expedition. I. Die Gattung Astropecten und ihre
Stammesgeschichte. In:Brill EJ (ed) Siboga-Expeditie. Uitkomsten op zoölogisch, botanisch,
ozeanographisch en geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900
aan boord H.M. ‘‘Siboga’’, 46 (a), Leiden, pp 191
Eakin CM (1991)The damselfish-algal lawn symbiosis and its influenced on the bioerosion of an
El Niño impacted coral reef, Uva Island, pacific Panama. PhD dissertation, University of
Miami, Florida
Eakin CM (1992) Post-El Niño Panamanian reefs: less accretion, more erosion and damselfish
protection. Proceedings of 7th International Coral Reef Symposium, Guam 1:387–396
Eakin CM (2001) A tale of two ENSO events: carbonate budgets and the influence of two
warming disturbances and intervening variability, Uva Island, Panama. Bull Mar Sci
69:171–186
Fong P, Glynn PW (1998) A dynamic size-structured population model: does disturbance control
size structure of a population of the massive coral Gardineroseris planulata in the Eastern
Pacific? Mar Biol 130:663–674
Forsberg ED (1963) Some relationships of meteorological, hydrographic and biological variables
in the Gulf of Panama. Bull Inter Amer Trop Tuna Comm 7:1109
Forsbergh ED (1969) On the climatology, oceanography and fisheries of the Panama Bight. Bull
Inter Amer Trop Tuna Comm 14:49–385
Foster SA (1987a) The relative impacts of grazing by Caribbean coral reef fishes and Diadema:
effects of habitat and surge. J Exp Mar Biol Eco 105:1–20
Foster SA (1987b) Territoriality of the dusky damselfish: influence on algal biomass and on the
relative impacts of grazing by fishes and Diadema. Oikos 50:153–160
Geyer LB, Lessios HA (2009) Lack of character displacement on the male recognition molecule,
bindin, in Atlantic sea urchins of the genus Echinometra. Mol BiolEvol 26:2135–2146
Glynn PW (1968) Mass mortalities of echinoids and other reef flat organisms coincident with
midday, low water exposures in Puerto Rico. Mar Biol 1:226–243
Glynn PW (1972) Observations on the ecology of the Caribbean and Pacific coasts of Panama.
Bull Biol Soc Wash 2:13–30
Glynn PW (1973) Acanthaster: effect on coral reef growth in Panama. Science 180:504–506
Glynn PW (1974) The impact of Acanthaster on corals and coral reefs in the eastern Pacific.
Environ Conser 1:295–304
Glynn PW (1976) Some physical and biological determinants of coral community structure in the
Eastern Pacific. Ecol Monogr 46:431–456
4 Echinoderm Diversity in Panama
139
de mar (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) en 15 comunidades del Archipiélago de Bocas del
Toro y Península Valiente. MSc Thesis, Universidad Santa María La Antigüa, Panama
Cubit JD, Windsor DM, Thompson RC, Burgett JM (1986) Water-level fluctuations, emersion
regimes, and variations of echinoid populations on a Caribbean reef flat. Estuar Coast Shelf
Sci 22:719–737
D’Croz L, Robertson R (1997) Coastal oceanographic conditions affecting coral reefs on both
sides of the Isthmus of Panama. Proceedings of 8th international coral reef symposium,
Panama 2:2053–2058
D’Croz L, Del Rosario JB, Gómez JA (1991) Upwelling and phytoplankton in the Bay of
Panama. Rev Biol Trop 39:233–241
D’Croz L, Del Rosario JB, Góndola P (2005) The effect of fresh water runoff on the distribution
and dissolved inorganic nutrients and plankton in the Bocas del Toro Archipelago, Caribbean
Panama. Carib J Sci 41:414–429
Deichmann E (1941) The Holothurioidea collected by the Velero III during the years 1932–1938.
Part I. Dendrochirota. Allan Hancock Pac Exp 8:61–195
Deichmann E (1958) The Holothurioidea collected by theVelero III and IV during the years 1932
to 1954. Part II Aspidochirota. Allan Hancock Pac Exp 11:253–349
Dexter D (1977) A natural history of the sand dollar Encope stokesi L Agassiz in Panama. Bull
Mar Sci 27:544–551
Döderlein L (1917) Die Asteriden der Siboga-Expedition. I. Die Gattung Astropecten und ihre
Stammesgeschichte. In:Brill EJ (ed) Siboga-Expeditie. Uitkomsten op zoölogisch, botanisch,
ozeanographisch en geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899 - 1900
aan boord H.M. ‘‘Siboga’’, 46 (a), Leiden, pp 191
Eakin CM (1991)The damselfish-algal lawn symbiosis and its influenced on the bioerosion of an
El Niño impacted coral reef, Uva Island, pacific Panama. PhD dissertation, University of
Miami, Florida
Eakin CM (1992) Post-El Niño Panamanian reefs: less accretion, more erosion and damselfish
protection. Proceedings of 7th International Coral Reef Symposium, Guam 1:387–396
Eakin CM (2001) A tale of two ENSO events: carbonate budgets and the influence of two
warming disturbances and intervening variability, Uva Island, Panama. Bull Mar Sci
69:171–186
Fong P, Glynn PW (1998) A dynamic size-structured population model: does disturbance control
size structure of a population of the massive coral Gardineroseris planulata in the Eastern
Pacific? Mar Biol 130:663–674
Forsberg ED (1963) Some relationships of meteorological, hydrographic and biological variables
in the Gulf of Panama. Bull Inter Amer Trop Tuna Comm 7:1109
Forsbergh ED (1969) On the climatology, oceanography and fisheries of the Panama Bight. Bull
Inter Amer Trop Tuna Comm 14:49–385
Foster SA (1987a) The relative impacts of grazing by Caribbean coral reef fishes and Diadema:
effects of habitat and surge. J Exp Mar Biol Eco 105:1–20
Foster SA (1987b) Territoriality of the dusky damselfish: influence on algal biomass and on the
relative impacts of grazing by fishes and Diadema. Oikos 50:153–160
Geyer LB, Lessios HA (2009) Lack of character displacement on the male recognition molecule,
bindin, in Atlantic sea urchins of the genus Echinometra. Mol BiolEvol 26:2135–2146
Glynn PW (1968) Mass mortalities of echinoids and other reef flat organisms coincident with
midday, low water exposures in Puerto Rico. Mar Biol 1:226–243
Glynn PW (1972) Observations on the ecology of the Caribbean and Pacific coasts of Panama.
Bull Biol Soc Wash 2:13–30
Glynn PW (1973) Acanthaster: effect on coral reef growth in Panama. Science 180:504–506
Glynn PW (1974) The impact of Acanthaster on corals and coral reefs in the eastern Pacific.
Environ Conser 1:295–304
Glynn PW (1976) Some physical and biological determinants of coral community structure in the
Eastern Pacific. Ecol Monogr 46:431–456
4 Echinoderm Diversity in Panama
139