Alvarado JJ, Solis-Marin FA, Ahearn C (2010) Echinoderms (Echinodermata) diversity off
Central America Pacific. Mar Biodiv 40:45–56
Amador JA, Alfaro EJ, Lizano OG, Magaña VO (2006) Atmospheric forcing of the eastern
tropical Pacific: a review. Prog Oceanogr 69(2–4):101–142
Berggren WA, Hollister CD (1974) Paleogeography, paleobiogeograph and the history of
circulation in the Atlantic ocean, in Studies in paleo-oceanography. Soc Econ Paleontol
Mineral Spec Publ 20:126–186
Bermingham E, Lessios HA (1993) Rate variation of protein and mitochondrial DNA evolution
as revealed by sea urchins separated by the Isthmus of Panama. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA
90:2734–2738
Boone L (1928) Echinoderms from the Gulf of California and the Perlas Islands. Bull Bingham
Oceanogr Coll Yale Univ 2:1–14
Bowen BW, Bass AL, Rocha LA, Grant WS, Robertson DR (2001) Phylogeography of the
trumpetfishes (Aulostomus): ring species complex on a global scale. Evolution 55:1029–1039
Bowen BW, Muss A, Rocha LA, Grant WS (2006) Shallow mtDNA coalescence in Atlantic
pygmy angelfishes (Genus Centropyge) indicates a recent invasion from the Indian Ocean.
J Hered 97:1–12
Budd AF (2000) Diversity and extinction in the cenozoic history of Caribbean reefs. Coral Reefs
19:25–35
Burton KW, Ling HF, O’Nions RK (1997) Closure of the Central American Isthmus and its effect
on deepwater formation in the North Atlantic. Nature 386:382–385
Cheetham AH, Jackson JBC, Sanner J (2001) Evolutionary significance of sexual and asexual
modes of propagation in neogene species of the bryozoan Metrarabdotos in tropical America.
J Paleontol 75:564–577
Chesher RH (1972) The status of knowledge of Panamanian echinoids, 1971, with comments on
other echinoderms. Bull Biol Soc Wash 2:139–157
Clark AH (1939) Echinoderms (other than Holothurians) collected on the presidential cruise of
1938. Smithson Miscell Collec 98:1–22
Clark AH (1946) Echinoderms from the Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama with a revision of the
Pacific species of the genus Encope. Smithson Miscell Collec 106:1–11
Clark HL (1917) Ophiuroidea. Report XVIII and XXX on the scientific results of the expedition
of the ‘‘Albatross’’ to the tropical Pacific 1899–1900 and 1904–1905. Bull Mus Comp Zool
Harvard Univ 61:429–453
Clark HL (1940) Eastern Pacific expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. XXI. Notes on
echinoderms from the West Coast of Central America. Zoology 25:331–352
Clark HL (1948) A report on the Echini of the warmer eastern Pacific, based on the collections of
the Velero III. Allan Hancock Pac Exp 8:225–352
Coates AG, McNeill DF, Aubry MP, Berggren WA, Collins LS (2005) An introduction to the
geology of the Bocas del Toro archipelago, Panama. Carib J Sci 41:374–391
Chesher RH (1968) The systematics of sympatric species in West Indian spatangoids. Studies
Tropic Oceanogr 7:1-168, pls 1–35
Chesher RH (1970) Evolution in the genus Meoma (Echinoidea: Spatangoida) and a description
of a new species from Panama. Bull Marine Sci 20:731–761
Clark HL (1925) A catalogue of the recent sea urchins (Echinoidea) in the collection of the
British Museum (Natural History). Oxford Univ. Press, London. 250 p
Collin R, D’Croz L, Gondola P, Del Rosario JB (2009) Climate and hydrological factors affecting
variation in chlorophyll concentration and water clarity in the Bahia Almirante, Panama.
Smith Contr Mar Sci 38:323–334
Collins LS (1999) The miocene to recent diversity of Caribbean benthic foraminifera from the
Central American Isthmus. Bull Am Paleontol 357:91–107
Coppard SE (2010) The Echinoderms of Panama. Accessed online at http://echinoderms.
lifedesks.org/ on 30 May 2011
Cortés J (1993) Comparison between Caribbean and eastern Pacific coral reefs. Rev Biol Trop
41:19–21
138
S. E. Coppard and J. J. Alvarado
Central America Pacific. Mar Biodiv 40:45–56
Amador JA, Alfaro EJ, Lizano OG, Magaña VO (2006) Atmospheric forcing of the eastern
tropical Pacific: a review. Prog Oceanogr 69(2–4):101–142
Berggren WA, Hollister CD (1974) Paleogeography, paleobiogeograph and the history of
circulation in the Atlantic ocean, in Studies in paleo-oceanography. Soc Econ Paleontol
Mineral Spec Publ 20:126–186
Bermingham E, Lessios HA (1993) Rate variation of protein and mitochondrial DNA evolution
as revealed by sea urchins separated by the Isthmus of Panama. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA
90:2734–2738
Boone L (1928) Echinoderms from the Gulf of California and the Perlas Islands. Bull Bingham
Oceanogr Coll Yale Univ 2:1–14
Bowen BW, Bass AL, Rocha LA, Grant WS, Robertson DR (2001) Phylogeography of the
trumpetfishes (Aulostomus): ring species complex on a global scale. Evolution 55:1029–1039
Bowen BW, Muss A, Rocha LA, Grant WS (2006) Shallow mtDNA coalescence in Atlantic
pygmy angelfishes (Genus Centropyge) indicates a recent invasion from the Indian Ocean.
J Hered 97:1–12
Budd AF (2000) Diversity and extinction in the cenozoic history of Caribbean reefs. Coral Reefs
19:25–35
Burton KW, Ling HF, O’Nions RK (1997) Closure of the Central American Isthmus and its effect
on deepwater formation in the North Atlantic. Nature 386:382–385
Cheetham AH, Jackson JBC, Sanner J (2001) Evolutionary significance of sexual and asexual
modes of propagation in neogene species of the bryozoan Metrarabdotos in tropical America.
J Paleontol 75:564–577
Chesher RH (1972) The status of knowledge of Panamanian echinoids, 1971, with comments on
other echinoderms. Bull Biol Soc Wash 2:139–157
Clark AH (1939) Echinoderms (other than Holothurians) collected on the presidential cruise of
1938. Smithson Miscell Collec 98:1–22
Clark AH (1946) Echinoderms from the Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama with a revision of the
Pacific species of the genus Encope. Smithson Miscell Collec 106:1–11
Clark HL (1917) Ophiuroidea. Report XVIII and XXX on the scientific results of the expedition
of the ‘‘Albatross’’ to the tropical Pacific 1899–1900 and 1904–1905. Bull Mus Comp Zool
Harvard Univ 61:429–453
Clark HL (1940) Eastern Pacific expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. XXI. Notes on
echinoderms from the West Coast of Central America. Zoology 25:331–352
Clark HL (1948) A report on the Echini of the warmer eastern Pacific, based on the collections of
the Velero III. Allan Hancock Pac Exp 8:225–352
Coates AG, McNeill DF, Aubry MP, Berggren WA, Collins LS (2005) An introduction to the
geology of the Bocas del Toro archipelago, Panama. Carib J Sci 41:374–391
Chesher RH (1968) The systematics of sympatric species in West Indian spatangoids. Studies
Tropic Oceanogr 7:1-168, pls 1–35
Chesher RH (1970) Evolution in the genus Meoma (Echinoidea: Spatangoida) and a description
of a new species from Panama. Bull Marine Sci 20:731–761
Clark HL (1925) A catalogue of the recent sea urchins (Echinoidea) in the collection of the
British Museum (Natural History). Oxford Univ. Press, London. 250 p
Collin R, D’Croz L, Gondola P, Del Rosario JB (2009) Climate and hydrological factors affecting
variation in chlorophyll concentration and water clarity in the Bahia Almirante, Panama.
Smith Contr Mar Sci 38:323–334
Collins LS (1999) The miocene to recent diversity of Caribbean benthic foraminifera from the
Central American Isthmus. Bull Am Paleontol 357:91–107
Coppard SE (2010) The Echinoderms of Panama. Accessed online at http://echinoderms.
lifedesks.org/ on 30 May 2011
Cortés J (1993) Comparison between Caribbean and eastern Pacific coral reefs. Rev Biol Trop
41:19–21
138
S. E. Coppard and J. J. Alvarado