Lawrence JM (1967) Lipid reserves in the gut of three species of tropical sea urchins. Carib J Sci
7:65–68
Lessios HA (1998) Shallow water echinoids of Cayos Cochinos. Honduras. Rev Biol Trop
46(Suppl 4):95–101
Lessios HA, Robertson DR, Cubit JD (1984) Spread of Diadema mass mortality through the
Caribbean. Science 226:335–337
Lessios HA (1981) Reporductive periodicity of the echinoid Diadema and Echinometra on the
two coasts of Panama. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 50:47-61
Lessios HA, Kessing BD, Wellington GM, Graybeal A (1996) Indo-Pacific echinoids in the
tropical eastern Pacific. Coral Reefs 15:133–142
Lessios HA, Kessing BD, Robertson DR (1998) Massive gene flow across the world’s most
potent marine biogeographic barrier. Proc R Soc Lob B 265:583–588
Lessios HA, Garrido MJ, Kessing BD (2001) Demographic history of Diadema antillarum, a
keystone herbivore on Caribbean reefs. Proc R Soc London B 268:1–7
Lewis SM, Wainwright PC (1985) Herbivore abundance and grazing intensity on a Caribbean
coral reef. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 87:215–228
Longhurst A (1998) Ecological geography of the sea. Academic Press, San Diego
Ludwig H (1894) Reports on an exploration off the west coast of Mexico, Central America and
South America, and off the Galápagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S.
Fish Commission steamer ‘‘Albatross’’, during 1891, XII. The Holothurioidea. Mem Mus
Comp Zool XVII:1–183
Ludwig H (1905) Asteroidea. In: Explorations of ‘‘Albatross’’ in Tropical Pacific, 1891 and
1899–1900. Mem Mus Comp Zool XXII:1–290
Lütken CF, Mortensen T (1899) Reports on an exploration off the west coast of Mexico, Central
America and South America, and off the Galápagos Islands, in charge of A. Agassiz, during
1891 on the ‘‘Albatross’’, XXV. The Ophiuridae. Mem Mus Comp Zool XXIII:93–208
Macurda DB Jr (1982) Shallow-water Crinoidea (Echinodermta) from Carrie Bow, Belize,
I. Structure and Communities. In: Rützler K, Macintyre IG (eds) The Atlantic barrier reef
ecosystem at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. Smith Inst Press, Washington, pp 413–416
Maddocks RF (1987) An ostracod commensal of an ophiuroid and other new species of
Pontocypria (Podocopida: Cypridacea). J Crust Biol 7:727–737
Maluf LY (1988a) Composition and distribution of the Central eastern Pacific echinoderms. Nat
Hist Mus LA County Tech Rep 2:1–242
Maluf LY (1988b) Biogeography of the central eastern shelf echinoderms. In: Burke RD,
Mlademov PV, Lambert P, Parsley RL (eds) Echinoderm biology. AA Balkema, Rotterdam,
pp 389–398
Marcaillou B, Charvis P, Collot JY (2006) Structure of the Malpelo Ridge (Colombia) from
seismic and gravity modelling. Mar Geophys Res 27:289–300
Maurer D, Vargas JA (1983) Benthic studies in the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica. University of
Delaware, College of Marine Studies, pp 1–105
Maurer D, Epifanio C, Dean H, Howe S, Vargas JA, Dittel A, Murillo MM (1984) Benthic
invertebrate of a tropical estuary: Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica. J Nat Hist 18:47–61
McClanahan TR (1999) Predation and the control of the sea urchin Echinometra viridis and
fleshy algae in the patch reefs of Glovers Reef, Belize. Ecosystems 2:511–523
Miller JE (1984) Sytematics of the ophidiasterid sea stars Copidaster lymani A. H. Clark, and
Hacelia superba H. L. Clark (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) with a key to species of
Ophidiasteridae from the West Atlantic. Proc Biol Soc Wash 97:194–208
Miloslavich P, Díaz JM, Klein PE, Alvarado JJ, Díaz C, Gobin J, Escobar-Briones E, Cruz-Motta
JJ, Weil E, Cortés J, Bastidas AC, Robertson R, Zapata F, Martín A, Castillo J, Kazandjan A,
Ortiz M (2010) Marine biodiversity in the Caribbean: regional estimates and distribution
patterns. PLoS ONE 5:e11916. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011916
Morales A, Murillo MM (1996) Distribution, abundance and composition of coral reef
zooplankton, Cahuita National Park, Limon, Costa Rica. Rev Biol Trop 44:619–630
104
J. J. Alvarado et al.
7:65–68
Lessios HA (1998) Shallow water echinoids of Cayos Cochinos. Honduras. Rev Biol Trop
46(Suppl 4):95–101
Lessios HA, Robertson DR, Cubit JD (1984) Spread of Diadema mass mortality through the
Caribbean. Science 226:335–337
Lessios HA (1981) Reporductive periodicity of the echinoid Diadema and Echinometra on the
two coasts of Panama. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 50:47-61
Lessios HA, Kessing BD, Wellington GM, Graybeal A (1996) Indo-Pacific echinoids in the
tropical eastern Pacific. Coral Reefs 15:133–142
Lessios HA, Kessing BD, Robertson DR (1998) Massive gene flow across the world’s most
potent marine biogeographic barrier. Proc R Soc Lob B 265:583–588
Lessios HA, Garrido MJ, Kessing BD (2001) Demographic history of Diadema antillarum, a
keystone herbivore on Caribbean reefs. Proc R Soc London B 268:1–7
Lewis SM, Wainwright PC (1985) Herbivore abundance and grazing intensity on a Caribbean
coral reef. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 87:215–228
Longhurst A (1998) Ecological geography of the sea. Academic Press, San Diego
Ludwig H (1894) Reports on an exploration off the west coast of Mexico, Central America and
South America, and off the Galápagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S.
Fish Commission steamer ‘‘Albatross’’, during 1891, XII. The Holothurioidea. Mem Mus
Comp Zool XVII:1–183
Ludwig H (1905) Asteroidea. In: Explorations of ‘‘Albatross’’ in Tropical Pacific, 1891 and
1899–1900. Mem Mus Comp Zool XXII:1–290
Lütken CF, Mortensen T (1899) Reports on an exploration off the west coast of Mexico, Central
America and South America, and off the Galápagos Islands, in charge of A. Agassiz, during
1891 on the ‘‘Albatross’’, XXV. The Ophiuridae. Mem Mus Comp Zool XXIII:93–208
Macurda DB Jr (1982) Shallow-water Crinoidea (Echinodermta) from Carrie Bow, Belize,
I. Structure and Communities. In: Rützler K, Macintyre IG (eds) The Atlantic barrier reef
ecosystem at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. Smith Inst Press, Washington, pp 413–416
Maddocks RF (1987) An ostracod commensal of an ophiuroid and other new species of
Pontocypria (Podocopida: Cypridacea). J Crust Biol 7:727–737
Maluf LY (1988a) Composition and distribution of the Central eastern Pacific echinoderms. Nat
Hist Mus LA County Tech Rep 2:1–242
Maluf LY (1988b) Biogeography of the central eastern shelf echinoderms. In: Burke RD,
Mlademov PV, Lambert P, Parsley RL (eds) Echinoderm biology. AA Balkema, Rotterdam,
pp 389–398
Marcaillou B, Charvis P, Collot JY (2006) Structure of the Malpelo Ridge (Colombia) from
seismic and gravity modelling. Mar Geophys Res 27:289–300
Maurer D, Vargas JA (1983) Benthic studies in the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica. University of
Delaware, College of Marine Studies, pp 1–105
Maurer D, Epifanio C, Dean H, Howe S, Vargas JA, Dittel A, Murillo MM (1984) Benthic
invertebrate of a tropical estuary: Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica. J Nat Hist 18:47–61
McClanahan TR (1999) Predation and the control of the sea urchin Echinometra viridis and
fleshy algae in the patch reefs of Glovers Reef, Belize. Ecosystems 2:511–523
Miller JE (1984) Sytematics of the ophidiasterid sea stars Copidaster lymani A. H. Clark, and
Hacelia superba H. L. Clark (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) with a key to species of
Ophidiasteridae from the West Atlantic. Proc Biol Soc Wash 97:194–208
Miloslavich P, Díaz JM, Klein PE, Alvarado JJ, Díaz C, Gobin J, Escobar-Briones E, Cruz-Motta
JJ, Weil E, Cortés J, Bastidas AC, Robertson R, Zapata F, Martín A, Castillo J, Kazandjan A,
Ortiz M (2010) Marine biodiversity in the Caribbean: regional estimates and distribution
patterns. PLoS ONE 5:e11916. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011916
Morales A, Murillo MM (1996) Distribution, abundance and composition of coral reef
zooplankton, Cahuita National Park, Limon, Costa Rica. Rev Biol Trop 44:619–630
104
J. J. Alvarado et al.