vii
Acknowledgements
It is my pleasant duty to express my deepest gratitude to my teacher, Dr. А. А. Dobrovolskij,
former Head of the Department of Invertebrate Zoology of Saint Petersburg State University,
who encouraged the study of bryozoans in every way possible. My zoological and pedagogical
interests were formed to a great extent under the infl uence of his wonderful lectures, in the
course of our long conversations and during the student fi eld practices that we conducted
together. I have learnt much from him and continue to do so. I would also like to express my
gratitude to Dr. A. F. Pushkin, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint
Petersburg, who introduced me to the study of bryozoans. Thanks to him I took part in an
Antarctic expedition and became experienced in biology as well as expedition life. Throughout
my career I have felt the unfl agging support and benevolent interest of Prof. Dr. L. A. Viskova,
Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. My deepest thanks are
given to my friends, teachers and co-authors Drs. D. P. Gordon, National Institute of Water and
Atmospheric Research, Wellington, and P. D. Taylor, The Natural History Museum, London,
who supported me at all stages of my research and whose collaboration helped to shape me as
a scientist. I also gratefully acknowledge the formative infl uence of my fi rst scientifi c supervisor, the late Dr. G. S. Markov, Professor of the Volgograd State Pedagogical Institute, and the
permanent interest in my work and support of the late Prof. Dr. Yu. V. Mamkaev, Zoological
Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg. I also consider as teachers the
brilliant American biologists, the late Dr. C. G. Reed and Prof. Dr. F. K. McKinney, whose
articles and books have always been on my writing-desk.
I gratefully acknowledge all the people who helped me to obtain the materials for my
research: Drs. N. N. Shunatova, A. V. Grishankov and Prof. Dr. S. I. Fokin, Saint Petersburg
State University, Drs. I. S. Smirnov and B. I. Sirenko, Zoological Institute of the Russian
Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Mr. P. Е. Bock, Melbourne Museum, Drs. J.-G. Harmelin,
Station Marine d’Endoume, Centre Océanologie Marseille, D. P. Gordon, National Institute of
Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, P. D. Taylor, The Natural History Museum,
London, K. Wasson, University of California, Santa Cruz, M. Carter, Heriot-Watt University,
Edinburgh, R. Kikinger, University of Vienna, M. Obst, Göteborg University, Prof. Dr. R. N.
Hughes, University of Wales, Bangor, Mr. F. Rodríguez, Smithsonian Tropical Research
Institute, Panama City, and Mr. A. Azeez A. Hakeem, Male, Maldives.
I am infi nitely grateful to the late Mrs. K. E. Bille Hansen, Zoological Museum, University
of Copenhagen, and Dr. A. Grischenko, Perm State University, for help with specimen
identifi cation in the early stage of my work, to Mr. T. Schiøtte, Mrs. V. Lund Hansen and
Mr. G. Brovad, Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Mrs. U. Schuldt, Institute
of Geosciences, University of Kiel, Dr. S. Pfeiffer, Biozentrum, University of Kiel, and
Mr. R. Gold and Mr. N. Frotzler, Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, for
technical assistance in preparing material for microscopic studies, photography and graphic
art works. Invaluable help in the literature search was provided by Mrs. H. Espersen, and
Dr. M. E. Petersen, Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Ms. M. Spencer Jones and
Dr. P. Kuklinski, The Natural History Museum, London, Prof. Dr. T. S. Wood, Wright State
University, Dayton, and Ms. K. V. Shunkina, Saint Petersburg State University.
Acknowledgements
It is my pleasant duty to express my deepest gratitude to my teacher, Dr. А. А. Dobrovolskij,
former Head of the Department of Invertebrate Zoology of Saint Petersburg State University,
who encouraged the study of bryozoans in every way possible. My zoological and pedagogical
interests were formed to a great extent under the infl uence of his wonderful lectures, in the
course of our long conversations and during the student fi eld practices that we conducted
together. I have learnt much from him and continue to do so. I would also like to express my
gratitude to Dr. A. F. Pushkin, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint
Petersburg, who introduced me to the study of bryozoans. Thanks to him I took part in an
Antarctic expedition and became experienced in biology as well as expedition life. Throughout
my career I have felt the unfl agging support and benevolent interest of Prof. Dr. L. A. Viskova,
Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. My deepest thanks are
given to my friends, teachers and co-authors Drs. D. P. Gordon, National Institute of Water and
Atmospheric Research, Wellington, and P. D. Taylor, The Natural History Museum, London,
who supported me at all stages of my research and whose collaboration helped to shape me as
a scientist. I also gratefully acknowledge the formative infl uence of my fi rst scientifi c supervisor, the late Dr. G. S. Markov, Professor of the Volgograd State Pedagogical Institute, and the
permanent interest in my work and support of the late Prof. Dr. Yu. V. Mamkaev, Zoological
Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg. I also consider as teachers the
brilliant American biologists, the late Dr. C. G. Reed and Prof. Dr. F. K. McKinney, whose
articles and books have always been on my writing-desk.
I gratefully acknowledge all the people who helped me to obtain the materials for my
research: Drs. N. N. Shunatova, A. V. Grishankov and Prof. Dr. S. I. Fokin, Saint Petersburg
State University, Drs. I. S. Smirnov and B. I. Sirenko, Zoological Institute of the Russian
Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Mr. P. Е. Bock, Melbourne Museum, Drs. J.-G. Harmelin,
Station Marine d’Endoume, Centre Océanologie Marseille, D. P. Gordon, National Institute of
Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, P. D. Taylor, The Natural History Museum,
London, K. Wasson, University of California, Santa Cruz, M. Carter, Heriot-Watt University,
Edinburgh, R. Kikinger, University of Vienna, M. Obst, Göteborg University, Prof. Dr. R. N.
Hughes, University of Wales, Bangor, Mr. F. Rodríguez, Smithsonian Tropical Research
Institute, Panama City, and Mr. A. Azeez A. Hakeem, Male, Maldives.
I am infi nitely grateful to the late Mrs. K. E. Bille Hansen, Zoological Museum, University
of Copenhagen, and Dr. A. Grischenko, Perm State University, for help with specimen
identifi cation in the early stage of my work, to Mr. T. Schiøtte, Mrs. V. Lund Hansen and
Mr. G. Brovad, Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Mrs. U. Schuldt, Institute
of Geosciences, University of Kiel, Dr. S. Pfeiffer, Biozentrum, University of Kiel, and
Mr. R. Gold and Mr. N. Frotzler, Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, for
technical assistance in preparing material for microscopic studies, photography and graphic
art works. Invaluable help in the literature search was provided by Mrs. H. Espersen, and
Dr. M. E. Petersen, Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Ms. M. Spencer Jones and
Dr. P. Kuklinski, The Natural History Museum, London, Prof. Dr. T. S. Wood, Wright State
University, Dayton, and Ms. K. V. Shunkina, Saint Petersburg State University.