352
J
Jurassic , xix, xxi, 233, 266, 268
K
Karyogamy , 5, 17, 18, 40, 60, 313
Kenozooid
distal , 96–98, 100, 119, 126, 127, 132, 133, 139, 140, 147, 154,
155, 158, 159, 175, 181, 189, 198, 207, 329
dwarf , 65
frontal , 156, 220
ooecial , 127
K-strategy , 5, 159
L
Lacuna(e) , 17, 19, 22, 37, 41, 48, 54, 134, 329
Larva(e)
coronate , xix, 5, 235, 255, 263
endotrophic , xviii, xxi, xxii, 229, 231–233, 235, 242, 243,
252–256, 258, 259, 262–264, 266, 268, 270, 271
exotrophic , xviii, xxii, 268
facultatively planktotrophic , 231
lecithotrophic , xiii, xiv, xviii, 5, 72, 229–236, 241–243, 252–257,
259, 261–265, 267–269, 271
planktotrophic , xiii, xiv, xviii, xxi, 4, 5, 17, 67, 230–233, 235–237,
241–243, 253–255, 257, 259, 262, 263, 265–269, 271
Larval
brooding , xxi, 166, 304
development , 40, 50, 53, 229–232, 233, 236, 241–243, 250, 255,
256, 265, 268, 271, 272, 285, 287, 292, 305
feeding , 231, 254, 255
fi tness , 12
free-swimming period , 242
metamorphosis , 2, 268, 285
mortality , 265
production , xxi, 12, 240, 250
release , 2, 43, 46, 47, 53, 61, 62, 92, 130, 131, 134, 136, 137, 144,
145, 147, 250, 258, 286, 287, 296, 300-304, 309
settlement , 242, 268, 288, 303, 307
size , 247, 248, 268, 314
type , xiii–xv, xxii, 3, 5, 68, 229–233, 235, 236, 241, 252, 254, 262,
264, 265, 269, 272, 301
Lecithotrophy
independent origins , 254, 265
multiple origins , 248, 253–254, 268
Life cycle , xv, xviii, xx, xxiii, 11, 74–105, 230, 265, 268, 302, 303,
307, 311
Life span , 10, 11, 236, 241, 243, 265, 271, 292, 297
Longitudinal septum , 136, 146, 147, 205
Lophophoral coelom , xxi, 68, 69
Lophophore , 4, 12, 47, 64–66, 68, 69, 71, 258, 270, 293, 300,
304–305, 306, 310–312
arms , 68
Lutetian , 329
M
Maastrichtian , 165, 249, 254, 265–267, 269, 330
Male pronucleus , 21, 40, 47, 59, 104, 300
Matrotrophy
incipient , 246–248
independent origin , 249, 252, 263
substantial , 246, 247
Maturation
successive , 5, 40, 43
synchronous , 271, 272
Meiosis , 44, 47, 50, 61, 298
Meiotic division , 13
Mesenchyma , 3
Mesenchymal
parenchyma , 2
tissue , 3
Mesocoel , xx
Mesothelial
cells , 3, 13, 22, 42, 48, 49, 59, 73
layer , 4
lining , 3, 299
Mesothelium , 4, 13, 37, 295, 304
Mesozoic , xix, 270–272
Metacoel , xx, 68
Microvilli , 18, 48, 52–54, 58, 59, 306, 309, 310
Mitosis , 20, 47, 61
Mucus , 43
Multiporous septula , 329
Muscular bundles , 42, 134, 137, 185
N
Non-brooding species , xxi, 2, 49–51, 255, 293, 302
Non-feeding larva , xxi–xxiii, 229–233, 235, 236, 242, 249,
253–255, 257, 259, 260, 262, 263, 265, 268, 270,
271, 329
multiple origins , 229, 253, 268
Non-paired plate , 138–140
Nuclear
envelope , 18, 21, 39, 50, 53, 55, 60, 313
membrane , 60, 74, 286, 291, 300
Nucleoplasm , 44, 297
Nucleolus , 20, 21, 23–34, 37, 39, 44, 54, 55, 304
Nucleus , 18, 20–34, 37–40, 42, 44–47, 50, 54–56, 59, 74, 81, 83, 104,
245, 288, 290–292, 297, 298, 301, 309, 313
Nurse cell(s) , 3, 5, 18, 20–22, 27–29, 32–34, 37, 38, 44, 45, 53–56,
59, 61, 78–80, 82, 83, 85, 89, 90, 96–99, 102, 237, 240,
243–245, 257, 269–271, 287, 288, 290–292, 294, 295, 301,
308–310, 313, 323
Nutrient
storage cells , 43, 44, 46, 59, 86, 90, 95, 292, 309, 310
transfer , 54, 58, 245–248
transport , 39, 42, 62
O
Ontogenesis , xiii, 129
Oocyte(s)
alecithal , 44, 308
animal pole , 19, 22, 54, 77
deformation , 62
doublet , 2, 16, 19–22, 29, 34, 37–41, 43–45, 49, 50, 52–56, 60–63,
73, 76, 87, 96, 97, 104, 237, 240, 244, 287, 288, 290–292, 294,
300, 301, 309, 313
growth phase , 18, 52
immature , 43, 44
increase , 18, 20, 21, 44, 45, 63
leading , 19–22, 34, 38, 41, 43, 52, 53, 63, 77, 240, 287, 288, 290,
291, 301, 303, 310
macrolecithal , 5, 18, 38, 39, 43, 45, 50, 51, 229, 244, 246, 250,
252, 256, 257, 259, 264, 310
maturation , 63, 261
mature , 18, 308
mesolecithal , 5, 18, 40, 96, 259, 260
microlecithal , 18, 47, 250
number , 50, 234, 236, 262, 270, 296
oligolecithal , 5, 17, 41, 91, 236
Subject Index
J
Jurassic , xix, xxi, 233, 266, 268
K
Karyogamy , 5, 17, 18, 40, 60, 313
Kenozooid
distal , 96–98, 100, 119, 126, 127, 132, 133, 139, 140, 147, 154,
155, 158, 159, 175, 181, 189, 198, 207, 329
dwarf , 65
frontal , 156, 220
ooecial , 127
K-strategy , 5, 159
L
Lacuna(e) , 17, 19, 22, 37, 41, 48, 54, 134, 329
Larva(e)
coronate , xix, 5, 235, 255, 263
endotrophic , xviii, xxi, xxii, 229, 231–233, 235, 242, 243,
252–256, 258, 259, 262–264, 266, 268, 270, 271
exotrophic , xviii, xxii, 268
facultatively planktotrophic , 231
lecithotrophic , xiii, xiv, xviii, 5, 72, 229–236, 241–243, 252–257,
259, 261–265, 267–269, 271
planktotrophic , xiii, xiv, xviii, xxi, 4, 5, 17, 67, 230–233, 235–237,
241–243, 253–255, 257, 259, 262, 263, 265–269, 271
Larval
brooding , xxi, 166, 304
development , 40, 50, 53, 229–232, 233, 236, 241–243, 250, 255,
256, 265, 268, 271, 272, 285, 287, 292, 305
feeding , 231, 254, 255
fi tness , 12
free-swimming period , 242
metamorphosis , 2, 268, 285
mortality , 265
production , xxi, 12, 240, 250
release , 2, 43, 46, 47, 53, 61, 62, 92, 130, 131, 134, 136, 137, 144,
145, 147, 250, 258, 286, 287, 296, 300-304, 309
settlement , 242, 268, 288, 303, 307
size , 247, 248, 268, 314
type , xiii–xv, xxii, 3, 5, 68, 229–233, 235, 236, 241, 252, 254, 262,
264, 265, 269, 272, 301
Lecithotrophy
independent origins , 254, 265
multiple origins , 248, 253–254, 268
Life cycle , xv, xviii, xx, xxiii, 11, 74–105, 230, 265, 268, 302, 303,
307, 311
Life span , 10, 11, 236, 241, 243, 265, 271, 292, 297
Longitudinal septum , 136, 146, 147, 205
Lophophoral coelom , xxi, 68, 69
Lophophore , 4, 12, 47, 64–66, 68, 69, 71, 258, 270, 293, 300,
304–305, 306, 310–312
arms , 68
Lutetian , 329
M
Maastrichtian , 165, 249, 254, 265–267, 269, 330
Male pronucleus , 21, 40, 47, 59, 104, 300
Matrotrophy
incipient , 246–248
independent origin , 249, 252, 263
substantial , 246, 247
Maturation
successive , 5, 40, 43
synchronous , 271, 272
Meiosis , 44, 47, 50, 61, 298
Meiotic division , 13
Mesenchyma , 3
Mesenchymal
parenchyma , 2
tissue , 3
Mesocoel , xx
Mesothelial
cells , 3, 13, 22, 42, 48, 49, 59, 73
layer , 4
lining , 3, 299
Mesothelium , 4, 13, 37, 295, 304
Mesozoic , xix, 270–272
Metacoel , xx, 68
Microvilli , 18, 48, 52–54, 58, 59, 306, 309, 310
Mitosis , 20, 47, 61
Mucus , 43
Multiporous septula , 329
Muscular bundles , 42, 134, 137, 185
N
Non-brooding species , xxi, 2, 49–51, 255, 293, 302
Non-feeding larva , xxi–xxiii, 229–233, 235, 236, 242, 249,
253–255, 257, 259, 260, 262, 263, 265, 268, 270,
271, 329
multiple origins , 229, 253, 268
Non-paired plate , 138–140
Nuclear
envelope , 18, 21, 39, 50, 53, 55, 60, 313
membrane , 60, 74, 286, 291, 300
Nucleoplasm , 44, 297
Nucleolus , 20, 21, 23–34, 37, 39, 44, 54, 55, 304
Nucleus , 18, 20–34, 37–40, 42, 44–47, 50, 54–56, 59, 74, 81, 83, 104,
245, 288, 290–292, 297, 298, 301, 309, 313
Nurse cell(s) , 3, 5, 18, 20–22, 27–29, 32–34, 37, 38, 44, 45, 53–56,
59, 61, 78–80, 82, 83, 85, 89, 90, 96–99, 102, 237, 240,
243–245, 257, 269–271, 287, 288, 290–292, 294, 295, 301,
308–310, 313, 323
Nutrient
storage cells , 43, 44, 46, 59, 86, 90, 95, 292, 309, 310
transfer , 54, 58, 245–248
transport , 39, 42, 62
O
Ontogenesis , xiii, 129
Oocyte(s)
alecithal , 44, 308
animal pole , 19, 22, 54, 77
deformation , 62
doublet , 2, 16, 19–22, 29, 34, 37–41, 43–45, 49, 50, 52–56, 60–63,
73, 76, 87, 96, 97, 104, 237, 240, 244, 287, 288, 290–292, 294,
300, 301, 309, 313
growth phase , 18, 52
immature , 43, 44
increase , 18, 20, 21, 44, 45, 63
leading , 19–22, 34, 38, 41, 43, 52, 53, 63, 77, 240, 287, 288, 290,
291, 301, 303, 310
macrolecithal , 5, 18, 38, 39, 43, 45, 50, 51, 229, 244, 246, 250,
252, 256, 257, 259, 264, 310
maturation , 63, 261
mature , 18, 308
mesolecithal , 5, 18, 40, 96, 259, 260
microlecithal , 18, 47, 250
number , 50, 234, 236, 262, 270, 296
oligolecithal , 5, 17, 41, 91, 236
Subject Index