xxxii
Witek A, Herlyn H, Ebersberger I, Welch DBM, Hankeln T (2009) Support for the monophyletic origin of
Gnathifera from phylogenomics. Mol Phylogenet Evol 53:1037–1041
Wood TS, Lore MB (2005) The higher phylogeny of phylactolaemate bryozoans inferred from 18S ribosomal
DNA sequences. In: Moyano HIG, Cancino JM, Wyse Jackson PN (eds) Bryozoan studies 2004. AA
Balkema Publishers, Lisse, pp 361–367
Wourms JP (1987) Oogenesis. In: Giese AC, Pearse JS, Pearse VB (eds) Reproduction of marine invertebrates,
vol 9. General aspects: seeking unity in diversity. Boxwood Press, Pacifi c Grove, pp 49–178
Wray GA (1995a) Evolution of larvae and developmental modes. In: McEdwards L (ed) Ecology of marine
invertebrate larvae. CRC Press, Boca Raton/London/New York/Washington DC, pp 413–447
Wray GA (1995b) Punctuated evolution of embryos. Science 267:1115–1116
Wray GA (1996) Parallel evolution of nonfeeding larvae in echinoids. Syst Biol 45(3):308–322
Wray GA, Raff RA (1991) The evolution of developmental strategy in marine invertebrates. Trends Ecol Evol
6:45–50
Xia F-S, Zhang S-G, Wang Z-Z (2007) The oldest bryozoans: new evidence from the Late Tremadocian (Early
Ordovician) of east Yangtze Gorges in China. J Paleontol 81(6):1308–1326
Zhang S-G, Xia F-S, Yan H-J, Wang Z-Z (2009) Horizon of the oldest known bryozoans (Ordovician).
Palaeoworld 18: 67–73
Zimmer RL (1973) Morphological and developmental affi nities of the lophophorates. In: Larwood GP (ed)
Living and fossil Bryozoa: recent advances in research. Academic Press, London, pp 593–599
Zimmer RL, Woollacott RM (1977) Structure and classifi cation of gymnolaemate larvae. In: Woollacott RM,
Zimmer RL (eds) Biology of bryozoans. Academic Press, New York, pp 57–89
Zrzavy J, Mihulka S, Kepka P, Bezdek A, Tietz DF (1998) Phylogeny of the Metazoa based on morphological
and 18S ribosomal DNA evidence. Cladistics 14:249–285
Introduction
Witek A, Herlyn H, Ebersberger I, Welch DBM, Hankeln T (2009) Support for the monophyletic origin of
Gnathifera from phylogenomics. Mol Phylogenet Evol 53:1037–1041
Wood TS, Lore MB (2005) The higher phylogeny of phylactolaemate bryozoans inferred from 18S ribosomal
DNA sequences. In: Moyano HIG, Cancino JM, Wyse Jackson PN (eds) Bryozoan studies 2004. AA
Balkema Publishers, Lisse, pp 361–367
Wourms JP (1987) Oogenesis. In: Giese AC, Pearse JS, Pearse VB (eds) Reproduction of marine invertebrates,
vol 9. General aspects: seeking unity in diversity. Boxwood Press, Pacifi c Grove, pp 49–178
Wray GA (1995a) Evolution of larvae and developmental modes. In: McEdwards L (ed) Ecology of marine
invertebrate larvae. CRC Press, Boca Raton/London/New York/Washington DC, pp 413–447
Wray GA (1995b) Punctuated evolution of embryos. Science 267:1115–1116
Wray GA (1996) Parallel evolution of nonfeeding larvae in echinoids. Syst Biol 45(3):308–322
Wray GA, Raff RA (1991) The evolution of developmental strategy in marine invertebrates. Trends Ecol Evol
6:45–50
Xia F-S, Zhang S-G, Wang Z-Z (2007) The oldest bryozoans: new evidence from the Late Tremadocian (Early
Ordovician) of east Yangtze Gorges in China. J Paleontol 81(6):1308–1326
Zhang S-G, Xia F-S, Yan H-J, Wang Z-Z (2009) Horizon of the oldest known bryozoans (Ordovician).
Palaeoworld 18: 67–73
Zimmer RL (1973) Morphological and developmental affi nities of the lophophorates. In: Larwood GP (ed)
Living and fossil Bryozoa: recent advances in research. Academic Press, London, pp 593–599
Zimmer RL, Woollacott RM (1977) Structure and classifi cation of gymnolaemate larvae. In: Woollacott RM,
Zimmer RL (eds) Biology of bryozoans. Academic Press, New York, pp 57–89
Zrzavy J, Mihulka S, Kepka P, Bezdek A, Tietz DF (1998) Phylogeny of the Metazoa based on morphological
and 18S ribosomal DNA evidence. Cladistics 14:249–285
Introduction