273
Blackburn DG (2005a) Amniote perspectives on the evolution of
viviparity and placentation. In: Grier H, Uribe MC (eds) Viviparity
in fi shes. New Life Publications, Homestead, pp 319–340
Blackburn DG (2005b) Evolutionary origins of viviparity in fi shes. In:
Grier H, Uribe MC (eds) Viviparity in fi shes. New Life Publications,
Homestead, pp 303–317
Blackburn DG (2006) Squamate reptiles as model organisms for the
evolution of viviparity. Herpetol Monogr 20:131–146
Blackburn DG, Evans HE, Vitt LJ (1985) The evolution of fetal nutritional adaptations. Fortschr Zool 30:437–439
Boardman RS, Cheetham AH (1973) Degrees of colony dominance in
stenolaemate and gymnolaemate Bryozoa. In: Boardman RS,
Cheetham AH, Oliver WA Jr (eds) Animal colonies: development
and function through time. Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross,
Stroudsburg, pp 121–220
Boardman RS, Cheetham AH, Blake DB, Utgaard J, Karklins OL,
Cook PL, Sandberg PA, Lutaud G, Wood TS (1983) Bryozoa
(Part G, revised). In: Robinson RA (ed) Treatise on invertebrate
paleontology, vol 1. Geological Society of America/University of
Kansas, Lawrence/Boulder, pp 1–625
Bobin G, Prenant M (1954) Sur un Bryozoaire perforant, Terebripora
comma (Soule), trouvé en Mediterranée. Arch Zool Exp Gen
91:130–144
Bonnevie K (1907) Untersuchungen über Keimzellen. II. Physiologische
Polyspermie bei Bryozoen. Jen Z Naturwis 42, NF 35:567–598
Borg F (1926) Studies on recent cyclostomatous Bryozoa. Zool Bid
Uppsala 10:181–507
Borg F (1947) Zur Kenntnis der Ökologie und des Lebenszyklus von
Electra crustulenta . Zool Bid Uppsala 25:344–377
Bosch I (1989) Contrasting modes of reproduction in two Antarctic
asteroids of the genus Porania , with a description of unusual feeding and non-feeding larval types. Biol Bull 177:77–82
Bown PR (ed) (1998) Calcareous nannofossil biostratugraphy. Kluwer
Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London
Braem F (1896) Die geschlechtlische Entwicklung von Paludicella
ehrenbergii . Zool Anz 19(493):54–57
Braem F (1940) Victorella sibogae Harmer. Z Morphol Okol Tiere
36:267–278
Braem F (1951) Über Victorella und einige ihrer nächsten Vermandten,
sowie über die Bryozoenfauna des Rysk bei Greifswald. Zoologica
102(37):1–59
Braiko VB (1967) Biology of reproduction of Membranipora zostericola Nordm. (Bryozoa). Zool Zhurn 46:1119–1121 [in Russian]
Brawand D, Wahli W, Kaessmann H (2008) Loss of egg yolk genes in
mammals and the origin of lactation and placentation. PLoS Biol
6:507–517
Brien P (1953) Etude sur les Phylactolemates. Ann Soc R Zool Belg
84:301–440
Brown DA (1952) The Tertiary cheilostomatous Polyzoa of New
Zealand. Trustees of British Museum (Natural History), London
Buttler CJ (1991) Possible brooding structures in rhinoporid cystoporate bryozoans. In: Bigey FP (ed) Bryozoaires actuels et fossiels:
Bryozoa living and fossil. Bull Soc Sci Nat Ouest France, Mem HS
1:61–70
Byrne M (1991a) Reproduction, development and population biology
of the Caribbean ophiuroid Ophionereis olivacea , a protandric hermaphrodite that broods its young. Mar Biol 111:387–399
Byrne M (1991b) Developmental diversity in the starfi sh genus
Patiriella (Asteroidea: Asterinidae). In: Yanagisawa T, Yasumasu I,
Oguro C, Suzuki N, Motokawa T (eds) Biology of Echinodermata.
AA Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, pp 499–508
Byrne M (1995) Changes in larval morphology in the evolution of benthic development by Patriella exigua (Asteroidea: Asterinidae), a
comparison with the larvae of Patriella species with planctonic
development. Biol Bull 188:293–305
Byrne M (2006) Life history diversity and evolution in the Asterinidae.
Integr Comp Biol 46(3):243–254
Byrne M, Barker MF (1991) Embryogenesis and larval development of
the asteroid Patriella regularis viewed by the light and scanning
electron microscopy. Biol Bull 180:332–345
Byrne M, Cerra A (1996) Evolution of intragonadal development in the
diminutive asterinid sea stars Patiriella vivipara and P . parvivipara
with an overview of development in the Asterinidae. Biol Bull
191:17–26
Byrne M, Cerra A (2000) Lipid dynamics in the embryos of Patiriella
species with divergent modes of development. Dev Growth Differ
42:79–86
Byrne M, Cerra A, Villinski JT (1999) Oogenic strategies in the evolution of development in Patiriella (Echinodermata: Asteroidea).
Invert Reprod Dev 36(1–3):195–202
Byrne M, Selvakamaraswamy P, Cisternas P, Villinski JT, Raff RA
(2003) Evolution of maternal provisioning in ophiuroids, asteroids
and echinoids. In: Féral JP, David B (eds) Echinoderm research
2001. Swets and Zeitlinger, Lisse/Rotterdam, pp 171–175
Byrne M, Cisternas P, O'Hara T (2008) Brooding of pelagic-type larvae
in Ophiopeza spinosa : reproduction and development in a tropical
ophiodermatid brittlestar. Invert Biol 127:98–107
Cable J, Tinsley RC (1991) Intra-uterine larval development of the
polystomatid monogeneans, Pseudodiplorchis americanus and
Neodiplorchis scaphiopodis . Parasitology 103:253–266
Cadman PS, Ryland JS (1996) The characters, reproduction, and
growth of Alcyonidium mytili Dalyell, 1848 (Ctenostomatida). In:
Gordon DP, Smith AM, Grant-Mackie JA (eds) Bryozoans in space
and time. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research,
Wellington, pp 237–242
Calvet L (1900) Contribution à l’histoire naturelle des Bryozoaires
Ectoproctes marins. Trav Inst Zool Univ Montpellier NS 8:1–488
Cancino JM, Hughes RN (1988) The zooidal polymorphism and astogeny of Celleporella hyalina (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata). J Zool
215:167–181
Cancino JM, Castañeda B, Orellana C (1991) Reproductive strategies
in bryozoans: experimental test of the effects of conspecifi c neighbours. In: Bigey FP (ed) Bryozoaires actuels et fossiels: Bryozoa
living and fossil. Bull Soc Sci Nat Ouest France, Mem HS 1:81–88
Chaney HW, Soule DF, Soule JD (1989) Systematics and zoogeography
of Thalamoporella gothica and its allied species (Bryozoa,
Cheilostomata). Bull Mar Sci 45(2):338–355
Cheetham AH, Cook PL (1983) General features of the class
Gymnolaemata. In: Robinson RA (ed) Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, vol 1. Geological Society of America/University of
Kansas, Lawrence/Boulder, pp 138–207
Cheetham AH, Sanner J, Taylor PD, Ostrovsky АN (2006)
Morphological differentiation of avicularia and the proliferation of
species in mid- Cretaceous Wilbertopora Cheetham, 1954 (Bryozoa:
Cheilostomata). J Paleontol 80(1):49–71
Chia FS (1974) Classifi cation and adaptive signifi cance of developmental
patterns in marine invertebrates. Thalassia Jugoslav 10(½):121–130
Chrétien M (1958) Histologie et dévelopment de l’ovaire chez
Alcyonidium gelatinosum (L.) (Bryozoaire cténostome). Bull Lab
Marit Dinard 43:25–51
Christiansen FB, Fenchel TM (1979) Evolution of marine invertebrate
reproductive patterns. Theor Popul Biol 16:267–282
Clark KB, Goetzfried A (1978) Zoogeographic infl uences on development patterns of N. Atlantic Ascoglossa and Nudibranchia, with a
discussion of factors affecting egg size and number. J Mollusc Stud
44:283–294
Clark KB, Busacca M, Stirts H (1979) Nutritional aspects of development of the ascoglossan, Elysia cauze . In: Stancyk SE (ed)
Reproductive ecology of marine invertebrates. University of South
Carolina Press, Columbia, pp 11–24
Clarke A (1982) Temperature and embryonic development in polar
marine invertebrates. Int J Invert Reprod 5:71–82
Clarke A (1992) Reproduction in the cold: Thorson revisited. Invert
Reprod Dev 22(1–3):175–184
References
Blackburn DG (2005a) Amniote perspectives on the evolution of
viviparity and placentation. In: Grier H, Uribe MC (eds) Viviparity
in fi shes. New Life Publications, Homestead, pp 319–340
Blackburn DG (2005b) Evolutionary origins of viviparity in fi shes. In:
Grier H, Uribe MC (eds) Viviparity in fi shes. New Life Publications,
Homestead, pp 303–317
Blackburn DG (2006) Squamate reptiles as model organisms for the
evolution of viviparity. Herpetol Monogr 20:131–146
Blackburn DG, Evans HE, Vitt LJ (1985) The evolution of fetal nutritional adaptations. Fortschr Zool 30:437–439
Boardman RS, Cheetham AH (1973) Degrees of colony dominance in
stenolaemate and gymnolaemate Bryozoa. In: Boardman RS,
Cheetham AH, Oliver WA Jr (eds) Animal colonies: development
and function through time. Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross,
Stroudsburg, pp 121–220
Boardman RS, Cheetham AH, Blake DB, Utgaard J, Karklins OL,
Cook PL, Sandberg PA, Lutaud G, Wood TS (1983) Bryozoa
(Part G, revised). In: Robinson RA (ed) Treatise on invertebrate
paleontology, vol 1. Geological Society of America/University of
Kansas, Lawrence/Boulder, pp 1–625
Bobin G, Prenant M (1954) Sur un Bryozoaire perforant, Terebripora
comma (Soule), trouvé en Mediterranée. Arch Zool Exp Gen
91:130–144
Bonnevie K (1907) Untersuchungen über Keimzellen. II. Physiologische
Polyspermie bei Bryozoen. Jen Z Naturwis 42, NF 35:567–598
Borg F (1926) Studies on recent cyclostomatous Bryozoa. Zool Bid
Uppsala 10:181–507
Borg F (1947) Zur Kenntnis der Ökologie und des Lebenszyklus von
Electra crustulenta . Zool Bid Uppsala 25:344–377
Bosch I (1989) Contrasting modes of reproduction in two Antarctic
asteroids of the genus Porania , with a description of unusual feeding and non-feeding larval types. Biol Bull 177:77–82
Bown PR (ed) (1998) Calcareous nannofossil biostratugraphy. Kluwer
Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London
Braem F (1896) Die geschlechtlische Entwicklung von Paludicella
ehrenbergii . Zool Anz 19(493):54–57
Braem F (1940) Victorella sibogae Harmer. Z Morphol Okol Tiere
36:267–278
Braem F (1951) Über Victorella und einige ihrer nächsten Vermandten,
sowie über die Bryozoenfauna des Rysk bei Greifswald. Zoologica
102(37):1–59
Braiko VB (1967) Biology of reproduction of Membranipora zostericola Nordm. (Bryozoa). Zool Zhurn 46:1119–1121 [in Russian]
Brawand D, Wahli W, Kaessmann H (2008) Loss of egg yolk genes in
mammals and the origin of lactation and placentation. PLoS Biol
6:507–517
Brien P (1953) Etude sur les Phylactolemates. Ann Soc R Zool Belg
84:301–440
Brown DA (1952) The Tertiary cheilostomatous Polyzoa of New
Zealand. Trustees of British Museum (Natural History), London
Buttler CJ (1991) Possible brooding structures in rhinoporid cystoporate bryozoans. In: Bigey FP (ed) Bryozoaires actuels et fossiels:
Bryozoa living and fossil. Bull Soc Sci Nat Ouest France, Mem HS
1:61–70
Byrne M (1991a) Reproduction, development and population biology
of the Caribbean ophiuroid Ophionereis olivacea , a protandric hermaphrodite that broods its young. Mar Biol 111:387–399
Byrne M (1991b) Developmental diversity in the starfi sh genus
Patiriella (Asteroidea: Asterinidae). In: Yanagisawa T, Yasumasu I,
Oguro C, Suzuki N, Motokawa T (eds) Biology of Echinodermata.
AA Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, pp 499–508
Byrne M (1995) Changes in larval morphology in the evolution of benthic development by Patriella exigua (Asteroidea: Asterinidae), a
comparison with the larvae of Patriella species with planctonic
development. Biol Bull 188:293–305
Byrne M (2006) Life history diversity and evolution in the Asterinidae.
Integr Comp Biol 46(3):243–254
Byrne M, Barker MF (1991) Embryogenesis and larval development of
the asteroid Patriella regularis viewed by the light and scanning
electron microscopy. Biol Bull 180:332–345
Byrne M, Cerra A (1996) Evolution of intragonadal development in the
diminutive asterinid sea stars Patiriella vivipara and P . parvivipara
with an overview of development in the Asterinidae. Biol Bull
191:17–26
Byrne M, Cerra A (2000) Lipid dynamics in the embryos of Patiriella
species with divergent modes of development. Dev Growth Differ
42:79–86
Byrne M, Cerra A, Villinski JT (1999) Oogenic strategies in the evolution of development in Patiriella (Echinodermata: Asteroidea).
Invert Reprod Dev 36(1–3):195–202
Byrne M, Selvakamaraswamy P, Cisternas P, Villinski JT, Raff RA
(2003) Evolution of maternal provisioning in ophiuroids, asteroids
and echinoids. In: Féral JP, David B (eds) Echinoderm research
2001. Swets and Zeitlinger, Lisse/Rotterdam, pp 171–175
Byrne M, Cisternas P, O'Hara T (2008) Brooding of pelagic-type larvae
in Ophiopeza spinosa : reproduction and development in a tropical
ophiodermatid brittlestar. Invert Biol 127:98–107
Cable J, Tinsley RC (1991) Intra-uterine larval development of the
polystomatid monogeneans, Pseudodiplorchis americanus and
Neodiplorchis scaphiopodis . Parasitology 103:253–266
Cadman PS, Ryland JS (1996) The characters, reproduction, and
growth of Alcyonidium mytili Dalyell, 1848 (Ctenostomatida). In:
Gordon DP, Smith AM, Grant-Mackie JA (eds) Bryozoans in space
and time. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research,
Wellington, pp 237–242
Calvet L (1900) Contribution à l’histoire naturelle des Bryozoaires
Ectoproctes marins. Trav Inst Zool Univ Montpellier NS 8:1–488
Cancino JM, Hughes RN (1988) The zooidal polymorphism and astogeny of Celleporella hyalina (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata). J Zool
215:167–181
Cancino JM, Castañeda B, Orellana C (1991) Reproductive strategies
in bryozoans: experimental test of the effects of conspecifi c neighbours. In: Bigey FP (ed) Bryozoaires actuels et fossiels: Bryozoa
living and fossil. Bull Soc Sci Nat Ouest France, Mem HS 1:81–88
Chaney HW, Soule DF, Soule JD (1989) Systematics and zoogeography
of Thalamoporella gothica and its allied species (Bryozoa,
Cheilostomata). Bull Mar Sci 45(2):338–355
Cheetham AH, Cook PL (1983) General features of the class
Gymnolaemata. In: Robinson RA (ed) Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, vol 1. Geological Society of America/University of
Kansas, Lawrence/Boulder, pp 138–207
Cheetham AH, Sanner J, Taylor PD, Ostrovsky АN (2006)
Morphological differentiation of avicularia and the proliferation of
species in mid- Cretaceous Wilbertopora Cheetham, 1954 (Bryozoa:
Cheilostomata). J Paleontol 80(1):49–71
Chia FS (1974) Classifi cation and adaptive signifi cance of developmental
patterns in marine invertebrates. Thalassia Jugoslav 10(½):121–130
Chrétien M (1958) Histologie et dévelopment de l’ovaire chez
Alcyonidium gelatinosum (L.) (Bryozoaire cténostome). Bull Lab
Marit Dinard 43:25–51
Christiansen FB, Fenchel TM (1979) Evolution of marine invertebrate
reproductive patterns. Theor Popul Biol 16:267–282
Clark KB, Goetzfried A (1978) Zoogeographic infl uences on development patterns of N. Atlantic Ascoglossa and Nudibranchia, with a
discussion of factors affecting egg size and number. J Mollusc Stud
44:283–294
Clark KB, Busacca M, Stirts H (1979) Nutritional aspects of development of the ascoglossan, Elysia cauze . In: Stancyk SE (ed)
Reproductive ecology of marine invertebrates. University of South
Carolina Press, Columbia, pp 11–24
Clarke A (1982) Temperature and embryonic development in polar
marine invertebrates. Int J Invert Reprod 5:71–82
Clarke A (1992) Reproduction in the cold: Thorson revisited. Invert
Reprod Dev 22(1–3):175–184
References