108
Franzén Å (1987a) Sperm ultrastructure in the Bryozoa. In: Ross JRP
(ed) Bryozoa: present and past. Western Washington University,
Billingham, pp 89–96
Franzén Å (1987b) Spermatogenesis. In: Giese AC, Pearse JS, Pearse VB
(eds) Reproduction of marine invertebrates, vol 9, General aspects:
seeking unity in diversity. Boxwood Press, Pacifi c Grove, pp 1–47
Galaktionov KV, Dobrovolskij AA (1987) Hermaphroditic generation
of trematodes. Nauka, Leningrad [in Russian]
Galaktionov K, Dobrovolskij A (2003) The biology and evolution of
trematodes: an essay on the biology, morphology, life cycles, transmission, and evolution of digenetic trematodes. Kluwer Academic
Publishers, Boston/London/Dordrecht
Gervais MP (1837) Recherches sur les Polypes d’eau douce des genres
Plumatella , Cristatella et Paludicella . Ann Sci Nat, 2 Ser, 7:74–93
Gerwerzhagen A (1913) Untersuchungen an Bryozoen. Sitz Heidelb
Akad Wiss Math Kl B 9:1–16
Ghiselin MT (1969) The evolution of hermaphroditism among animals.
Q Rev Biol 44(2):189–208
Ghiselin MT (1987) Evolutionary aspects of marine invertebrate reproduction. In: Giese AC, Pearse JS, Pearse VB (eds) Reproduction of
marine invertebrates, vol 9, General aspects: seeking unity in diversity. Blackwell Scientifi c Publications/The Boxwood Press, Palo
Alto/Pacifi c Grove, pp 609–665
Giese AC, Pearse JS (eds) (1974) Reproduction of marine invertebrates,
vol 1, Acoelomate and pseudocoelomate metazoans. Academic
Press, New York
Giese AC, Pearse JS (eds) (1975a) Reproduction of marine invertebrates,
vol 2, Entoprocts and lesser coelomates. Academic Press, New York
Giese AC, Pearse JS (eds) (1975b) Reproduction of marine invertebrates, vol 3, Annelids and echiurans. Academic Press, New York
Giese AC, Pearse JS (eds) (1977) Reproduction of marine invertebrates,
vol 4, Molluscs: gastropods and cephalopods. Academic Press,
New York
Giese AC, Pearse JS, Pearse VB (eds) (1979) Reproduction of marine
invertebrates, vol 5, Molluscs: pelecypods and lesser classes.
Academic Press, New York
Giese AC, Pearse JS, Pearse VB (eds) (1991) Reproduction of marine
invertebrates, vol 6, Echinoderms and lophophorates. Boxwood
Press, Pacifi c Grove
Ginetsinskaya TA, Dobrovolskij AA (1978) Special parasytology –
molluscs and arthropods. Vysschaya Schkola, Moscow [in Russian]
Godeaux JEA (1990) Urochordata – Thaliacea. In: Adiyodi KG,
Adiyodi RG (eds) Reproductive biology of invertebrates, vol 4, Part
B: fertilization, development, and parental care. IBH Publishing Co
Pvt Ltd, New Delhi/Bombay/Calcutta/Oxford, pp 453–469
Gordon DP (1968a) Zooidal dimorphism in the polyzoan Hippopodinella
adpressa (Busk). Nature 219:633–634
Gordon DP (1968b) Growth, regeneration and population biology of
cheilostomatous polyzoans. MSc thesis, University of Auckland
Gordon DP (1977) The aging process in bryozoans. In: Woollacott RM,
Zimmer RL (eds) Biology of bryozoans. Academic Press, New
York/San Francisco/London, pp 335–376
Gordon DP (1984) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Bryozoa:
Gymnolaemata from the Kermadec Ridge, vol 91, New Zealand
Oceanographic Institute memoir. New Zealand Oceanographic
Institute, Wellington, pp 1–198
Gordon DP (1986) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Bryozoa:
Gymnolaemata (Ctenostomata and Cheilostomata Anasca) from
the Western South Island continental shelf and slope, vol 95, New
Zealand Oceanographic Institute memoir. New Zealand
Oceanographic Institute, Wellington, pp 1–121
Grant RE (1827) Observations on the structure and nature of Flustrae.
Edinb New Philos J 3:107–118, 337–342
Grünbaum D (1995) A model of feeding currents in encrusting bryozoans shows interference between zooids within a colony. J Theor Biol
174:409–425
Hagan HR (1951) Embryology of viviparous insects. Ronald Press,
New York
Hageman GS (1981) Accessory reproductive structures in Membranipora
serrilamella : a fi ne structural study. In: Larwood GP, Nielsen C (eds)
Recent and fossil Bryozoa. Olsen and Olsen, Fredensborg, p 311
Hageman GS (1983) A fi ne structural analysis of ovarian morphology,
oogenesis, and ovulation in marine bryozoan Membranipora serrilamella (Cheilostomata, Anasca). PhD dissertation, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles
Harmer SF (1892) On the nature of the excretory processes in marine
Polyzoa. Q J Microsc Sci 33:123–167
Harmer SF (1893) On the occurrence of embryonic fi ssion in cyclostomatous Polyzoa. Q J Microsc Sci 34:199–241
Harmer SF (1898) On the development of Tubulipora , and on some
British and northern species of this genus. Q J Microsc Sci NS
41:73–157
Harmer SF (1902) On the morphology of the Cheilostomata. Q J Microsc
Sci 46(182):263–350
Harmer SF (1926) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition. II. Cheilostomata Anasca. Rep Siboga Exp 28b:181–501, EJ Brill, Leiden
Hastings AB (1930) Cheilostomatous Polyzoa from the vicinity of the
Panama Canal collected by Dr. C. Crossland on the cruise of the
S.Y. “St. George”. Proc Zool Soc Lond 4(47):697–740
Hastings AB (1932) The Polyzoa with a note on an associated hydroid.
Sci Rep Gt Barrier Reef Exp 1928–29 4(12):399–458
Havenhand JN (1995) Evolutionary ecology of larval types. In:
McEdwards L (ed) Ecology of marine invertebrate larvae.
CRC Press, Boca Raton/London/New York/Washington, DC,
pp 79–121
Hayward PJ (1983) Bryozoa Ectoprocta. In: Adiyodi KG, Adiyodi RG
(eds) Reproductive biology of invertebrates, vol 1, Oogenesis,
oviposition and oosorption. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester,
pp 543–560
Hayward PJ (1985) Ctenostome bryozoans. Syn Brit Fauna 33:1–169
Hayward PJ, Ryland JS (1998) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa, Part 1.
Aetoidea-Cribrilinoidea. Syn Brit Fauna, 2nd edn. 10:1–366
Hincks T (1851) Notes on British zoophytes, with descriptions of some
new species. Ann Mag Nat Hist 2 Ser 8(47):353–362
Hincks T (1861) Note on the ovicells of the cheilostomatous Polyzoa.
Q J Microsc Sci NS 1:278–281
Hincks T (1873) Contributions to history of Polyzoa. Q J Microsc Sci
NS 13:17–37
Hincks T (1880) A history of the British marine Polyzoa. John Van
Voorst, London
Hoare R, Hughes RN (2001) Inbreeding and hermaphroditism in the sessile brooding bryozoan Celleporella hyalina . Mar Biol 139:147–162
Hoare K, Hughes RN, Goldson AJ (1999) Molecular genetic evidence
for the prevalence of outcrossing in the hermaphroditic brooding
bryozoan Celleporella hyalina . Mar Ecol Prog Ser 188:73–79
Hoese B, Janssen HH (1989) Morphological and physiological studies on
the marsupium in terrestrial isopods. Monit Zool Ital NS 4:153–173
Hughes DJ (1987) Gametogenesis and embryonic brooding in the cheilostome bryozoan Celleporella hyalina . J Zool 212:691–711
Hughes RN, Manríquez PH, Bishop JDD (2002a) Female investment is
retarded pending reception of allosperm in a hermaphroditic colonial invertebrate. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99(23):14884–14886
Hughes RN, Wright P, Manríquez PH, Bishop JDD (2002b)
Predominance of obligate outbreeding in the simultaneous hermaphrodite Celeporella hyalina sensu lato. In: Wyse Jackson PN,
Buttler CJ, Spencer Jones M (eds) Bryozoan studies 2001. AA
Balkema Publishers, Lisse/Abingdon/Exton/Tokyo, pp 159–162
Hughes RN, Wright PJ, Carvalho GR, Hutchinson WF (2009) Patterns
of self compatibility, inbreeding depression, outcrossing, and sex
allocation in a marine bryozoan suggest the predominating infl uence of sperm competition. Biol J Linn Soc 98:519–531.
doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01312.x
1 Reproductive Patterns of Gymnolaemate Bryozoa: General Overview and Comparative Analysis
Franzén Å (1987a) Sperm ultrastructure in the Bryozoa. In: Ross JRP
(ed) Bryozoa: present and past. Western Washington University,
Billingham, pp 89–96
Franzén Å (1987b) Spermatogenesis. In: Giese AC, Pearse JS, Pearse VB
(eds) Reproduction of marine invertebrates, vol 9, General aspects:
seeking unity in diversity. Boxwood Press, Pacifi c Grove, pp 1–47
Galaktionov KV, Dobrovolskij AA (1987) Hermaphroditic generation
of trematodes. Nauka, Leningrad [in Russian]
Galaktionov K, Dobrovolskij A (2003) The biology and evolution of
trematodes: an essay on the biology, morphology, life cycles, transmission, and evolution of digenetic trematodes. Kluwer Academic
Publishers, Boston/London/Dordrecht
Gervais MP (1837) Recherches sur les Polypes d’eau douce des genres
Plumatella , Cristatella et Paludicella . Ann Sci Nat, 2 Ser, 7:74–93
Gerwerzhagen A (1913) Untersuchungen an Bryozoen. Sitz Heidelb
Akad Wiss Math Kl B 9:1–16
Ghiselin MT (1969) The evolution of hermaphroditism among animals.
Q Rev Biol 44(2):189–208
Ghiselin MT (1987) Evolutionary aspects of marine invertebrate reproduction. In: Giese AC, Pearse JS, Pearse VB (eds) Reproduction of
marine invertebrates, vol 9, General aspects: seeking unity in diversity. Blackwell Scientifi c Publications/The Boxwood Press, Palo
Alto/Pacifi c Grove, pp 609–665
Giese AC, Pearse JS (eds) (1974) Reproduction of marine invertebrates,
vol 1, Acoelomate and pseudocoelomate metazoans. Academic
Press, New York
Giese AC, Pearse JS (eds) (1975a) Reproduction of marine invertebrates,
vol 2, Entoprocts and lesser coelomates. Academic Press, New York
Giese AC, Pearse JS (eds) (1975b) Reproduction of marine invertebrates, vol 3, Annelids and echiurans. Academic Press, New York
Giese AC, Pearse JS (eds) (1977) Reproduction of marine invertebrates,
vol 4, Molluscs: gastropods and cephalopods. Academic Press,
New York
Giese AC, Pearse JS, Pearse VB (eds) (1979) Reproduction of marine
invertebrates, vol 5, Molluscs: pelecypods and lesser classes.
Academic Press, New York
Giese AC, Pearse JS, Pearse VB (eds) (1991) Reproduction of marine
invertebrates, vol 6, Echinoderms and lophophorates. Boxwood
Press, Pacifi c Grove
Ginetsinskaya TA, Dobrovolskij AA (1978) Special parasytology –
molluscs and arthropods. Vysschaya Schkola, Moscow [in Russian]
Godeaux JEA (1990) Urochordata – Thaliacea. In: Adiyodi KG,
Adiyodi RG (eds) Reproductive biology of invertebrates, vol 4, Part
B: fertilization, development, and parental care. IBH Publishing Co
Pvt Ltd, New Delhi/Bombay/Calcutta/Oxford, pp 453–469
Gordon DP (1968a) Zooidal dimorphism in the polyzoan Hippopodinella
adpressa (Busk). Nature 219:633–634
Gordon DP (1968b) Growth, regeneration and population biology of
cheilostomatous polyzoans. MSc thesis, University of Auckland
Gordon DP (1977) The aging process in bryozoans. In: Woollacott RM,
Zimmer RL (eds) Biology of bryozoans. Academic Press, New
York/San Francisco/London, pp 335–376
Gordon DP (1984) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Bryozoa:
Gymnolaemata from the Kermadec Ridge, vol 91, New Zealand
Oceanographic Institute memoir. New Zealand Oceanographic
Institute, Wellington, pp 1–198
Gordon DP (1986) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Bryozoa:
Gymnolaemata (Ctenostomata and Cheilostomata Anasca) from
the Western South Island continental shelf and slope, vol 95, New
Zealand Oceanographic Institute memoir. New Zealand
Oceanographic Institute, Wellington, pp 1–121
Grant RE (1827) Observations on the structure and nature of Flustrae.
Edinb New Philos J 3:107–118, 337–342
Grünbaum D (1995) A model of feeding currents in encrusting bryozoans shows interference between zooids within a colony. J Theor Biol
174:409–425
Hagan HR (1951) Embryology of viviparous insects. Ronald Press,
New York
Hageman GS (1981) Accessory reproductive structures in Membranipora
serrilamella : a fi ne structural study. In: Larwood GP, Nielsen C (eds)
Recent and fossil Bryozoa. Olsen and Olsen, Fredensborg, p 311
Hageman GS (1983) A fi ne structural analysis of ovarian morphology,
oogenesis, and ovulation in marine bryozoan Membranipora serrilamella (Cheilostomata, Anasca). PhD dissertation, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles
Harmer SF (1892) On the nature of the excretory processes in marine
Polyzoa. Q J Microsc Sci 33:123–167
Harmer SF (1893) On the occurrence of embryonic fi ssion in cyclostomatous Polyzoa. Q J Microsc Sci 34:199–241
Harmer SF (1898) On the development of Tubulipora , and on some
British and northern species of this genus. Q J Microsc Sci NS
41:73–157
Harmer SF (1902) On the morphology of the Cheilostomata. Q J Microsc
Sci 46(182):263–350
Harmer SF (1926) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition. II. Cheilostomata Anasca. Rep Siboga Exp 28b:181–501, EJ Brill, Leiden
Hastings AB (1930) Cheilostomatous Polyzoa from the vicinity of the
Panama Canal collected by Dr. C. Crossland on the cruise of the
S.Y. “St. George”. Proc Zool Soc Lond 4(47):697–740
Hastings AB (1932) The Polyzoa with a note on an associated hydroid.
Sci Rep Gt Barrier Reef Exp 1928–29 4(12):399–458
Havenhand JN (1995) Evolutionary ecology of larval types. In:
McEdwards L (ed) Ecology of marine invertebrate larvae.
CRC Press, Boca Raton/London/New York/Washington, DC,
pp 79–121
Hayward PJ (1983) Bryozoa Ectoprocta. In: Adiyodi KG, Adiyodi RG
(eds) Reproductive biology of invertebrates, vol 1, Oogenesis,
oviposition and oosorption. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester,
pp 543–560
Hayward PJ (1985) Ctenostome bryozoans. Syn Brit Fauna 33:1–169
Hayward PJ, Ryland JS (1998) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa, Part 1.
Aetoidea-Cribrilinoidea. Syn Brit Fauna, 2nd edn. 10:1–366
Hincks T (1851) Notes on British zoophytes, with descriptions of some
new species. Ann Mag Nat Hist 2 Ser 8(47):353–362
Hincks T (1861) Note on the ovicells of the cheilostomatous Polyzoa.
Q J Microsc Sci NS 1:278–281
Hincks T (1873) Contributions to history of Polyzoa. Q J Microsc Sci
NS 13:17–37
Hincks T (1880) A history of the British marine Polyzoa. John Van
Voorst, London
Hoare R, Hughes RN (2001) Inbreeding and hermaphroditism in the sessile brooding bryozoan Celleporella hyalina . Mar Biol 139:147–162
Hoare K, Hughes RN, Goldson AJ (1999) Molecular genetic evidence
for the prevalence of outcrossing in the hermaphroditic brooding
bryozoan Celleporella hyalina . Mar Ecol Prog Ser 188:73–79
Hoese B, Janssen HH (1989) Morphological and physiological studies on
the marsupium in terrestrial isopods. Monit Zool Ital NS 4:153–173
Hughes DJ (1987) Gametogenesis and embryonic brooding in the cheilostome bryozoan Celleporella hyalina . J Zool 212:691–711
Hughes RN, Manríquez PH, Bishop JDD (2002a) Female investment is
retarded pending reception of allosperm in a hermaphroditic colonial invertebrate. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99(23):14884–14886
Hughes RN, Wright P, Manríquez PH, Bishop JDD (2002b)
Predominance of obligate outbreeding in the simultaneous hermaphrodite Celeporella hyalina sensu lato. In: Wyse Jackson PN,
Buttler CJ, Spencer Jones M (eds) Bryozoan studies 2001. AA
Balkema Publishers, Lisse/Abingdon/Exton/Tokyo, pp 159–162
Hughes RN, Wright PJ, Carvalho GR, Hutchinson WF (2009) Patterns
of self compatibility, inbreeding depression, outcrossing, and sex
allocation in a marine bryozoan suggest the predominating infl uence of sperm competition. Biol J Linn Soc 98:519–531.
doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01312.x
1 Reproductive Patterns of Gymnolaemate Bryozoa: General Overview and Comparative Analysis