70
Table 1.9 Distribution of intertentacular organ (ITO) and supraneural coelomopore (SNP) in broadcasting and brooding gymnolaemate Bryozoa
Intertentacular organ
Supraneural coelomopore
Ctenostomata
Alcyonidium albidum – broadcaster (Prouho 1889 , 1892 )
Alcyonidium diaphanum – brooder (Porter et al. 2001 ; Porter
2004 )
Alcyonidium mytili – broadcaster (Hincks 1880 ; Cadman and Ryland
1996 ; Ryland and Porter 2000 , 2006 )
Alcyonidium sp. (as A . mamillatum ) – brooder? (Marcus 1938a )
Alcyonidium duplex – “ mixed” brooding (few embryos) (Farre 1837 ;
Prouho 1892 )
Alcyonidium gelatinosum – brooder (Ryland and Porter 2000 ,
2006 )
Alcyonidium antarcticum – broadcaster (Waters 1904a )
Alcyonidium disciforme – brooder (Kuklinski and Porter 2004 )
Alcyonidium cellarioides – broadcaster (Calvet 1900 )
Alcyonidium eightsi – brooder (Porter and Hayward 2004 )
Alcyonidium fl ustroides – broadcaster? (Marcus 1922 )
Alcyonidium polyoum – brooder (Matricon 1963 ; Ryland and
Porter 2006 )
Alcyonidium sp. (as A . polyoum ) –broadcaster? (Marcus 1938b )
Alcyonidium hirsutum – brooder (Owrid and Ryland 1991 ; Ryland
and Porter 2006 )
Alcyonidium polypylum – broadcaster? (Marcus 1941a )
Alcyonidium parasiticum – brooder (Porter, personal observation)
Alcyonidium argyllaceum – broadcaster? (Castric-Fey 1971 )
Alcyonidium sanguineum – broadcaster? (Cook 1985 )
Alcyonidium nodosum – broadcaster (Ryland 2001 )
Alcyonidium condylocinereum – broadcaster (Porter 2004 ; De Blauwe
2009 )
Alcyonidium mamillatum – broadcaster (Porter, personal observation)
Alcyonidium hydrocoalitum – broadcaster (Porter 2004 )
Alcyonidium australe – broadcaster? (ITO wanted) (Porter and Hayward
2004 )
Alcyonidium fl abelliforme – broadcaster (ITO wanted) (Porter and
Hayward 2004 )
Alcyonidium epispiculum – broadcaster (Porter and Hayward 2004 )
Alcyonidium scolecoideum – broadcaster? (ITO wanted) (Porter and
Hayward 2004 )
Alcyonidium simulatum – broadcaster? (ITO wanted) (Porter and Hayward
2004 )
Alcyonidium parasiticum – broadcaster (De Blauwe 2009 )
Victorella pavida – broadcaster (Braem 1951 , Carter, personal
communication, 2009)
Tanganella muelleri – brooder (Braem 1951 )
Victorella pseudoarachnidia – broadcaster (Jebram and Everitt 1982 )
Tanganella appendiculata – brooder (Jebram and Everitt 1982 )
Bulbella abscondita – “ mixed” brooding (few embryos) (ITO reduced)
(Braem 1951 ; Jebram and Everitt 1982 )
Cryptoarachnidium argilla – broadcaster? (Banta 1967 )
Arachnidium fi brosum – broadcaster? (De Blauwe 2009 )
Triticella fl ava – external brooding (numerous eggs) (Ström 1969 ,
1977 )
Panolicella nutans – external brooding (few eggs) (Jebram 1985 )
Pottsiella erecta – external brooding (few eggs) (Smith et al. 2003 )
Paludicella articulata – external brooding (few? eggs) (Braem
1896 )
Nolella stipata – brooder (Marcus 1938a )
Bowerbankia gracilis – brooder (Braem 1951 ; Reed 1988 )
Farrella repens – broadcaster (van Beneden 1844a ; Marcus 1926a , b )
Hypophorella expansa – broadcaster (Joyeux-Laffuie 1888 ;
Prouho 1892 )
Hislopia malayensis – broadcaster (Wood, personal
communication, 2010
The rest of brooding Ctenostomata
Cheilostomata
Membranipora membranacea – broadcaster (Hincks 1880 ; Eggleston
1963 ; Temkin 1994 ; Temkin and Bortolami 2004 )
(?) Bifl ustra arborescens – broadcaster (Corrêa 1948 )
(continued)
1 Reproductive Patterns of Gymnolaemate Bryozoa: General Overview and Comparative Analysis
Table 1.9 Distribution of intertentacular organ (ITO) and supraneural coelomopore (SNP) in broadcasting and brooding gymnolaemate Bryozoa
Intertentacular organ
Supraneural coelomopore
Ctenostomata
Alcyonidium albidum – broadcaster (Prouho 1889 , 1892 )
Alcyonidium diaphanum – brooder (Porter et al. 2001 ; Porter
2004 )
Alcyonidium mytili – broadcaster (Hincks 1880 ; Cadman and Ryland
1996 ; Ryland and Porter 2000 , 2006 )
Alcyonidium sp. (as A . mamillatum ) – brooder? (Marcus 1938a )
Alcyonidium duplex – “ mixed” brooding (few embryos) (Farre 1837 ;
Prouho 1892 )
Alcyonidium gelatinosum – brooder (Ryland and Porter 2000 ,
2006 )
Alcyonidium antarcticum – broadcaster (Waters 1904a )
Alcyonidium disciforme – brooder (Kuklinski and Porter 2004 )
Alcyonidium cellarioides – broadcaster (Calvet 1900 )
Alcyonidium eightsi – brooder (Porter and Hayward 2004 )
Alcyonidium fl ustroides – broadcaster? (Marcus 1922 )
Alcyonidium polyoum – brooder (Matricon 1963 ; Ryland and
Porter 2006 )
Alcyonidium sp. (as A . polyoum ) –broadcaster? (Marcus 1938b )
Alcyonidium hirsutum – brooder (Owrid and Ryland 1991 ; Ryland
and Porter 2006 )
Alcyonidium polypylum – broadcaster? (Marcus 1941a )
Alcyonidium parasiticum – brooder (Porter, personal observation)
Alcyonidium argyllaceum – broadcaster? (Castric-Fey 1971 )
Alcyonidium sanguineum – broadcaster? (Cook 1985 )
Alcyonidium nodosum – broadcaster (Ryland 2001 )
Alcyonidium condylocinereum – broadcaster (Porter 2004 ; De Blauwe
2009 )
Alcyonidium mamillatum – broadcaster (Porter, personal observation)
Alcyonidium hydrocoalitum – broadcaster (Porter 2004 )
Alcyonidium australe – broadcaster? (ITO wanted) (Porter and Hayward
2004 )
Alcyonidium fl abelliforme – broadcaster (ITO wanted) (Porter and
Hayward 2004 )
Alcyonidium epispiculum – broadcaster (Porter and Hayward 2004 )
Alcyonidium scolecoideum – broadcaster? (ITO wanted) (Porter and
Hayward 2004 )
Alcyonidium simulatum – broadcaster? (ITO wanted) (Porter and Hayward
2004 )
Alcyonidium parasiticum – broadcaster (De Blauwe 2009 )
Victorella pavida – broadcaster (Braem 1951 , Carter, personal
communication, 2009)
Tanganella muelleri – brooder (Braem 1951 )
Victorella pseudoarachnidia – broadcaster (Jebram and Everitt 1982 )
Tanganella appendiculata – brooder (Jebram and Everitt 1982 )
Bulbella abscondita – “ mixed” brooding (few embryos) (ITO reduced)
(Braem 1951 ; Jebram and Everitt 1982 )
Cryptoarachnidium argilla – broadcaster? (Banta 1967 )
Arachnidium fi brosum – broadcaster? (De Blauwe 2009 )
Triticella fl ava – external brooding (numerous eggs) (Ström 1969 ,
1977 )
Panolicella nutans – external brooding (few eggs) (Jebram 1985 )
Pottsiella erecta – external brooding (few eggs) (Smith et al. 2003 )
Paludicella articulata – external brooding (few? eggs) (Braem
1896 )
Nolella stipata – brooder (Marcus 1938a )
Bowerbankia gracilis – brooder (Braem 1951 ; Reed 1988 )
Farrella repens – broadcaster (van Beneden 1844a ; Marcus 1926a , b )
Hypophorella expansa – broadcaster (Joyeux-Laffuie 1888 ;
Prouho 1892 )
Hislopia malayensis – broadcaster (Wood, personal
communication, 2010
The rest of brooding Ctenostomata
Cheilostomata
Membranipora membranacea – broadcaster (Hincks 1880 ; Eggleston
1963 ; Temkin 1994 ; Temkin and Bortolami 2004 )
(?) Bifl ustra arborescens – broadcaster (Corrêa 1948 )
(continued)
1 Reproductive Patterns of Gymnolaemate Bryozoa: General Overview and Comparative Analysis