-, - -, temperature regulation 90
see also, mucous glands, sweat glands
Sodium, in body fluids 3,4,5,137,201
- , in diet 90,96,97,103
-, in milk 95
- , in saliva 93
-, in salt gland secretio n
27, 121, 153,
249
- , in sweat 93
-, turnover 239
see also, active transport, cloaca, colon,
gills, intestine, kidney s, Na-K ATPase,
salt depletion, salt excess, salt gland, skin,
sweat glands, urine , ur inary bladd er
Stero id hormones 65
Supraoptic nucleus 48, 56, 58
Sweat gland s 19,21 ,81 ,93,99,101
Tadpoles 62,165, 169, 186
Tears, see lacrymal glands, salt glands
Temp erature regulation,
- - , and behaviour 99,102,105,114,137
- -, and evapora tive water loss 21, 90, 97,
99, 105, 136
- - , and sweating 21, 99
- - , and mammals 90,97,99, 100, 105
- -, and poikilotherms 136
see also, body temp erature, respiration
Testes, see androgens
Th yroid gland 59
see also, thyr oid hormones
Th yroid hormones, (thyroxine, triodothyronine) 59
- -, and fish salin ity tolerance 62, 230
- -, and maturation of tadpoles 61,186
- -, -, - of respon se to neurohypophysial peptides 62
- - , -, toad bladder and skin 177, 181
- , -, calori genic effe cts 61, 141, 230
- - , eff ect on aldoste rone secretion 62
- - , - on renal Na loss 62
- - , morphogenetic eff ects 61
- - , structure 60
Thyroidectomy 42,62, 230
Thyrotrophin (THS) 49,53, 57,231
Thyroxine, see th yroid hormones
Trimeth ylamine oxide (TMAO) 4, 34
- - , in Agnatha 252
- - , in Chondrichthyes 227
Triodothyron ie, see thyroid hormones
Ultimobranchial bodies 63
Ultrafiltration 18, 30
Urea 4,5 ,34
- , and urinary water loss 34
-, con centra tion in bod y fluids of aestivating
amph ibians and lungfi sh 34, 184, 187
-,----of chondrichthyes 2,4 ,201,227,
248
- , - - - - of crab-eating fr og 2, 5, 163, 184
- , - - - - of Latimer ia 201,202
- , excretion 185
-, permeability of amphibian skin 185
- , - - , gills 228
- , - -, kidn ey tubule 194, 229
Ur ic acid 34
- -, and urin ary water loss 34, 111, 116, 142
- -, excretion 184
Urinary bladder 25
- - , embry onic origins 176, 226
- - , in amphibians, role in water conser vation
176,196
- -, - -, - in sodium conservation 182
- - , - - , effects of adrenaline 71
- - , - -, - of corticosteroids 85, 182
- - , - - , - of insulin 183
- - , - - , - of neurohypophysial peptides 83,
176, 182
- - , - - , - of noradrenaline 71
- - , - - , - of thyroid hormones 177
- - , - - , - of urophysial extracts 245
- -, - - , mechani sm of action of neurohypophysi al peptides on 82
- -, - - , mechanism of action of aldosterone
on 85
- - , --size 176 178
- -, - - structure 82
- - , in fish, effects of ur ophysial extract In
t rout 80,244
- - , - - role in sodium and water conser vation
226
- - , in reptiles, role in sodium and water conservation 148
Urine
- , effects of aldosterone 95,224
-, - of dehydration 97, 100, 101, 105
- , - of neuroh ypophysial pep tid es 97, 101,
105,116,146, 175, 181 ,21~24 2
- , flow in amphibians 174
- , - in birds 115
- , - in fish 215,247,251 ,253
- , - in mammals 92,97, 106
-, - in reptiles 141
-, salt losses in amphibians 182
-, - -, in bird s 122
- , - -, in fish 215,225,249,252
- , - -, in mammals 95
- , - - , in reptiles 148
see also, aldosterone, kidney, vasopressin,
vasotocin
Urophysis 44,56,79,243,244
Vasopressin (Arg 8 - and Lys", ADH), 46, 51,
55,97
293
see also, mucous glands, sweat glands
Sodium, in body fluids 3,4,5,137,201
- , in diet 90,96,97,103
-, in milk 95
- , in saliva 93
-, in salt gland secretio n
27, 121, 153,
249
- , in sweat 93
-, turnover 239
see also, active transport, cloaca, colon,
gills, intestine, kidney s, Na-K ATPase,
salt depletion, salt excess, salt gland, skin,
sweat glands, urine , ur inary bladd er
Stero id hormones 65
Supraoptic nucleus 48, 56, 58
Sweat gland s 19,21 ,81 ,93,99,101
Tadpoles 62,165, 169, 186
Tears, see lacrymal glands, salt glands
Temp erature regulation,
- - , and behaviour 99,102,105,114,137
- -, and evapora tive water loss 21, 90, 97,
99, 105, 136
- - , and sweating 21, 99
- - , and mammals 90,97,99, 100, 105
- -, and poikilotherms 136
see also, body temp erature, respiration
Testes, see androgens
Th yroid gland 59
see also, thyr oid hormones
Th yroid hormones, (thyroxine, triodothyronine) 59
- -, and fish salin ity tolerance 62, 230
- -, and maturation of tadpoles 61,186
- -, -, - of respon se to neurohypophysial peptides 62
- - , -, toad bladder and skin 177, 181
- , -, calori genic effe cts 61, 141, 230
- - , eff ect on aldoste rone secretion 62
- - , - on renal Na loss 62
- - , morphogenetic eff ects 61
- - , structure 60
Thyroidectomy 42,62, 230
Thyrotrophin (THS) 49,53, 57,231
Thyroxine, see th yroid hormones
Trimeth ylamine oxide (TMAO) 4, 34
- - , in Agnatha 252
- - , in Chondrichthyes 227
Triodothyron ie, see thyroid hormones
Ultimobranchial bodies 63
Ultrafiltration 18, 30
Urea 4,5 ,34
- , and urinary water loss 34
-, con centra tion in bod y fluids of aestivating
amph ibians and lungfi sh 34, 184, 187
-,----of chondrichthyes 2,4 ,201,227,
248
- , - - - - of crab-eating fr og 2, 5, 163, 184
- , - - - - of Latimer ia 201,202
- , excretion 185
-, permeability of amphibian skin 185
- , - - , gills 228
- , - -, kidn ey tubule 194, 229
Ur ic acid 34
- -, and urin ary water loss 34, 111, 116, 142
- -, excretion 184
Urinary bladder 25
- - , embry onic origins 176, 226
- - , in amphibians, role in water conser vation
176,196
- -, - -, - in sodium conservation 182
- - , - - , effects of adrenaline 71
- - , - -, - of corticosteroids 85, 182
- - , - - , - of insulin 183
- - , - - , - of neurohypophysial peptides 83,
176, 182
- - , - - , - of noradrenaline 71
- - , - - , - of thyroid hormones 177
- - , - - , - of urophysial extracts 245
- -, - - , mechani sm of action of neurohypophysi al peptides on 82
- -, - - , mechanism of action of aldosterone
on 85
- - , --size 176 178
- -, - - structure 82
- - , in fish, effects of ur ophysial extract In
t rout 80,244
- - , - - role in sodium and water conser vation
226
- - , in reptiles, role in sodium and water conservation 148
Urine
- , effects of aldosterone 95,224
-, - of dehydration 97, 100, 101, 105
- , - of neuroh ypophysial pep tid es 97, 101,
105,116,146, 175, 181 ,21~24 2
- , flow in amphibians 174
- , - in birds 115
- , - in fish 215,247,251 ,253
- , - in mammals 92,97, 106
-, - in reptiles 141
-, salt losses in amphibians 182
-, - -, in bird s 122
- , - -, in fish 215,225,249,252
- , - -, in mammals 95
- , - - , in reptiles 148
see also, aldosterone, kidney, vasopressin,
vasotocin
Urophysis 44,56,79,243,244
Vasopressin (Arg 8 - and Lys", ADH), 46, 51,
55,97
293