105
105
194
~eural lobe 48,105,107,162,166
see also, neurohypophysis, neurohypophysial peptides
Neurophysin 56
Neurohypophysectomy
-, and diabetes insipidus
-, effects in amphibians
-, - in birds 117
-, - in mammals 105
Neurohypophysial peptides 46, 51, 52, 54,
58, 192, 194, 196
- - , and cyclic AMP 81, 84
- -, and praeoptic and supraoptic nuclei 56
- -, distribution in amphibians 167
- -, - in birds 118
- -, - in fishes 203
- - , - in mammals 97,100, 105, 106, 110
- - , - in reptiles 145
- -, effects on blood pressure 98, 117, 218,
243
- - , - on colon (toad) 178,184
- -, - on gills blood flow 243
- -, - on - Na exchange 222, 226
- -, - on kidney 95, 101, 105, 116, 146, 175,
181, 192,217,242
- -, - on mammary gland 97
- -, - on skin (amphibian) 171, 172, 181
- -, - on sodium accumulation 169
- - , - on urinary bladder 82, 176
- -, - on uterus 51
- -, interactions with adrenaline 71, 172
- -, - - parathormone 64
- -, - - thyroid hormones 186
- -, mechanism of action 82
- -, metabolism 59
- -, release 58
- - , structure 54, 55
- -, synthesis 56
see also, glumitocin, isotocin, mesotocin,
oxytocin, vasopressin , vasotocin
Neurohypophysis 43, 48, 50, 51, 52, 116,
145,166,203
see also, neurohypophysial peptides, neurohypophysectorny
Neurosecretion 56,119,230,244
Newborn 101
-, influence on adults water and salt metabolism 90, 95,129
-, neurohypophysial peptides in 101
Nitrogen metabolism 34,228
- -, of amphibians 162,184
- -, of birds 116
- -, of fish 227
- -, of reptiles 142
see also, ammonia, urea, uric acid
Noradrenaline 60,70,91
Oestrogens 60, 66
Orbital gland, see salt gland
Origin of vertebrates 1,35
Osmosis 7,9
Osmoreceptors 27,58,123
-, across cloaca 25
-, - gills 21,210
-, - skin (amphibian) 168
-, - fish 210
-, - urinary bladder 26, 84, 148, 176, 226
Ovaries, see gonads, oestrogens
Oxygen consumption 99
- -, and thyroid hormone 61,92,141,230
-, - and water loss 7,21,92,114,140
Oxytocin (pitocin) 46,51,55, 167
-, distribution in vertebrates 203,204
-, effects on blood pressure 46, 98
- , - on kidney 117,146
-, - on mammary glands 51,98
-, - on oviduct 147
- , - on skin and urinary bladder (amphibian)
176, 183
- , - on sodium excretion in fish 217
-, - on uterus 51
see also, neurohypophysial peptides
Panting, see respiration
Paralactin, see prolactin
Parathyroids 63
Paraventricular nucleus 48,56
Pars distalis, see adenohypophysis
Pars interrnedia 51,52
see also, melanocyte stimulating hormone
Pars nervosa, see neurohypophysis, neural lobe
Pituitary 43,48,49
see also, adenohypophysis, median eminence, neurohypophysis, neural lobe
Plasma, concentration of solutes in vertebrates 4,5, 136, 137, 163, 201, 202,248, 252
-, volume of in vertebrates 6,200
'Pores', in membranes 9,18,84
Potassium 25
-, and corticosteroid secretion 76, 150
-, and adrenalectomy 74, 75, 101, 108, 123,
154,190,241
-, in body fluids 4,5,137,201
-, in food 158
-, in milk 95
-, in saliva 93
-, in salt gland secretions 27, 121, 153, 249
- , in sweat 93
-, in tears 95
-, losses across gills 219
-, - in urine 32, 121, 150, 215, 225, 249,
252
Praeoptic nucleus 195
Progesterone 60,66
291
105
194
~eural lobe 48,105,107,162,166
see also, neurohypophysis, neurohypophysial peptides
Neurophysin 56
Neurohypophysectomy
-, and diabetes insipidus
-, effects in amphibians
-, - in birds 117
-, - in mammals 105
Neurohypophysial peptides 46, 51, 52, 54,
58, 192, 194, 196
- - , and cyclic AMP 81, 84
- -, and praeoptic and supraoptic nuclei 56
- -, distribution in amphibians 167
- -, - in birds 118
- -, - in fishes 203
- - , - in mammals 97,100, 105, 106, 110
- - , - in reptiles 145
- -, effects on blood pressure 98, 117, 218,
243
- - , - on colon (toad) 178,184
- -, - on gills blood flow 243
- -, - on - Na exchange 222, 226
- -, - on kidney 95, 101, 105, 116, 146, 175,
181, 192,217,242
- -, - on mammary gland 97
- -, - on skin (amphibian) 171, 172, 181
- -, - on sodium accumulation 169
- - , - on urinary bladder 82, 176
- -, - on uterus 51
- -, interactions with adrenaline 71, 172
- -, - - parathormone 64
- -, - - thyroid hormones 186
- -, mechanism of action 82
- -, metabolism 59
- -, release 58
- - , structure 54, 55
- -, synthesis 56
see also, glumitocin, isotocin, mesotocin,
oxytocin, vasopressin , vasotocin
Neurohypophysis 43, 48, 50, 51, 52, 116,
145,166,203
see also, neurohypophysial peptides, neurohypophysectorny
Neurosecretion 56,119,230,244
Newborn 101
-, influence on adults water and salt metabolism 90, 95,129
-, neurohypophysial peptides in 101
Nitrogen metabolism 34,228
- -, of amphibians 162,184
- -, of birds 116
- -, of fish 227
- -, of reptiles 142
see also, ammonia, urea, uric acid
Noradrenaline 60,70,91
Oestrogens 60, 66
Orbital gland, see salt gland
Origin of vertebrates 1,35
Osmosis 7,9
Osmoreceptors 27,58,123
-, across cloaca 25
-, - gills 21,210
-, - skin (amphibian) 168
-, - fish 210
-, - urinary bladder 26, 84, 148, 176, 226
Ovaries, see gonads, oestrogens
Oxygen consumption 99
- -, and thyroid hormone 61,92,141,230
-, - and water loss 7,21,92,114,140
Oxytocin (pitocin) 46,51,55, 167
-, distribution in vertebrates 203,204
-, effects on blood pressure 46, 98
- , - on kidney 117,146
-, - on mammary glands 51,98
-, - on oviduct 147
- , - on skin and urinary bladder (amphibian)
176, 183
- , - on sodium excretion in fish 217
-, - on uterus 51
see also, neurohypophysial peptides
Panting, see respiration
Paralactin, see prolactin
Parathyroids 63
Paraventricular nucleus 48,56
Pars distalis, see adenohypophysis
Pars interrnedia 51,52
see also, melanocyte stimulating hormone
Pars nervosa, see neurohypophysis, neural lobe
Pituitary 43,48,49
see also, adenohypophysis, median eminence, neurohypophysis, neural lobe
Plasma, concentration of solutes in vertebrates 4,5, 136, 137, 163, 201, 202,248, 252
-, volume of in vertebrates 6,200
'Pores', in membranes 9,18,84
Potassium 25
-, and corticosteroid secretion 76, 150
-, and adrenalectomy 74, 75, 101, 108, 123,
154,190,241
-, in body fluids 4,5,137,201
-, in food 158
-, in milk 95
-, in saliva 93
-, in salt gland secretions 27, 121, 153, 249
- , in sweat 93
-, in tears 95
-, losses across gills 219
-, - in urine 32, 121, 150, 215, 225, 249,
252
Praeoptic nucleus 195
Progesterone 60,66
291