600
15 Lipids
b)
c)
e)
H C-O-COR'
2\
R"CO-O-CH
0
\ "
+
H 2 C-0-P-OCH 2CH 2N(CH 3)3
\
0-OCH 2CH2NH 2
-OCH 2 CH-COOH
\
NH2
d)
f)
HO~~H
4 0H
1
0
"
3
2 0-P-OCH2
\
I
HO
OH
0- HC-O-COR"
I
R'CO-0-CH2
R'CO-0-CH2
H 2 COH
R'CO-O-CH
H C-O-COR"
I 2
21
g)
\
\
R"CO-O-CH
0 HOCH
\
" \
H 2 C-0-P-0-CH2
\
0o
II
RCO-O-CH
H 2 C-0-P-0-CH2
I 2
I
I
I
RCO-O-CH
0
HCOH 0HC-O-COR
I
1/
I
I
H C-O-P-O-CH
H C-O-COR
2
I
2
2
0h)
i)
HOCH
0 HOCH
\
1/
\
H C-O-P-O-CH
2
\
2
0H C-O-COR
2\
H C-O-R'
2 I
HOCH
0
R"CO-O-CH
0
I
II
\
1/
H2C-0-~-OX
H C-O-P-OX
2
I
0H 2 C-0-CH=CHR'
I
R"CO-O-CH
0
I
1/
H C-O-P-OX
2
I
0k)
Fig.15.20a-l. Phospholipids. a Phosphatidy1choline; b
phosphatidyiethanolamine; c phosphatidylserine; d phosphatidylinositol; e phosphatidylglycerol; f bis-(monoacylglycero )-phosphate; g bisphosphatidylglycerol (diphosphatidylglycerol) = cardiolipin; h lyso-glycerophosphosphatidylcholine is reduced in favour of phosphatidylethanolamine.
In the phospholipids of the mammals and
many other animals, saturated fatty acids are usually found in position sn-l and unsaturated fatty
acids occur in position sn-2. In contrast, the phospholipids from the brain and retina of the rainbow
trout Salrno gairdneri have highly unsaturated
fatty acids such as 22:6(n-3) in both positions;
only phosphatidylinositol has 18:0 in position sn-l
0I)
pholipid; i 1-alkyl-2-acyl-glycerophospolipid; j 1-(1'alkenyl)-2-acyl-glycerophospholipid = plasmalogen; k
ceramide phosphocholine = spingomyelin; I ceramide
phosphoethanolamine. In h-j, X represents choline or
ethanolamine
and 20:4 or 20:5 in position sn-2, as in all other
vertebrates [15]. In various Porifera, both positions in phosphatidylethanolamine are occupied
by the same C26 to C30 polyene fatty acids [143].
The combination of different fatty acids results in
a multitude of molecular species in each phospholipid class; the number of different phospholipid
molecules in the erythrocyte membrane is estimated to be 150-200. This variety may be very
important for the different physicochemical and
15 Lipids
b)
c)
e)
H C-O-COR'
2\
R"CO-O-CH
0
\ "
+
H 2 C-0-P-OCH 2CH 2N(CH 3)3
\
0-OCH 2CH2NH 2
-OCH 2 CH-COOH
\
NH2
d)
f)
HO~~H
4 0H
1
0
"
3
2 0-P-OCH2
\
I
HO
OH
0- HC-O-COR"
I
R'CO-0-CH2
R'CO-0-CH2
H 2 COH
R'CO-O-CH
H C-O-COR"
I 2
21
g)
\
\
R"CO-O-CH
0 HOCH
\
" \
H 2 C-0-P-0-CH2
\
0o
II
RCO-O-CH
H 2 C-0-P-0-CH2
I 2
I
I
I
RCO-O-CH
0
HCOH 0HC-O-COR
I
1/
I
I
H C-O-P-O-CH
H C-O-COR
2
I
2
2
0h)
i)
HOCH
0 HOCH
\
1/
\
H C-O-P-O-CH
2
\
2
0H C-O-COR
2\
H C-O-R'
2 I
HOCH
0
R"CO-O-CH
0
I
II
\
1/
H2C-0-~-OX
H C-O-P-OX
2
I
0H 2 C-0-CH=CHR'
I
R"CO-O-CH
0
I
1/
H C-O-P-OX
2
I
0k)
Fig.15.20a-l. Phospholipids. a Phosphatidy1choline; b
phosphatidyiethanolamine; c phosphatidylserine; d phosphatidylinositol; e phosphatidylglycerol; f bis-(monoacylglycero )-phosphate; g bisphosphatidylglycerol (diphosphatidylglycerol) = cardiolipin; h lyso-glycerophosphosphatidylcholine is reduced in favour of phosphatidylethanolamine.
In the phospholipids of the mammals and
many other animals, saturated fatty acids are usually found in position sn-l and unsaturated fatty
acids occur in position sn-2. In contrast, the phospholipids from the brain and retina of the rainbow
trout Salrno gairdneri have highly unsaturated
fatty acids such as 22:6(n-3) in both positions;
only phosphatidylinositol has 18:0 in position sn-l
0I)
pholipid; i 1-alkyl-2-acyl-glycerophospolipid; j 1-(1'alkenyl)-2-acyl-glycerophospholipid = plasmalogen; k
ceramide phosphocholine = spingomyelin; I ceramide
phosphoethanolamine. In h-j, X represents choline or
ethanolamine
and 20:4 or 20:5 in position sn-2, as in all other
vertebrates [15]. In various Porifera, both positions in phosphatidylethanolamine are occupied
by the same C26 to C30 polyene fatty acids [143].
The combination of different fatty acids results in
a multitude of molecular species in each phospholipid class; the number of different phospholipid
molecules in the erythrocyte membrane is estimated to be 150-200. This variety may be very
important for the different physicochemical and