398
11 Extracellular Structural and Secretory Proteins
thesis in the accessory glands, not as the result of
increased transcription of the structural genes but
from increased synthesis of rRNAs and ribosomal
proteins [112]. In the mealworm Tenebrio molitor,
as in many other insects, the secretion from the
male accessory gland is used in the construction
of a spermatophore. This is a complicated object
with a multilayered outer wall and an inner space
filled with sperm-containing fluid. Several "spermatophorins", with masses from 14 to more than
100 kDa, can be extracted from the spermatophores of the mealworm, but none have been
characterized in any detail [115].
References
1. Ala-Kokko L. et aI.: Structure of cDNA clones coding
for the entire preproa1(III) chain of human type III
procollagen. Biochem. J. 260: 509-516 (1989)
2. Alexander L. J. et aI.: Isolation and characterization
of the bovine kappa-casein gene. Eur. J. Biochem.
178: 395-401 (1988)
3. Andersen S. 0.: Comparison between cuticular proteins from two locust species, Locusta migratoria and
Schistocerca gregaria. Insect Biochem. 18: 751-760
(1988)
4. Andersen S. 0.: Cuticular proteins from the shrimp,
Pandalus borealis. Compo Biochem. PhysioI. Pt. B 99:
453-458 (1991)
5. Ann D. K., Smith K. M. and Carlson D. M.: Molecular evolution of the mouse proline-rich protein multigene family. Insertion of a long interspersed repeated
DNA element. J. BioI. Chern. 263: 10887-93 (1988)
6. Barth C. A. and Schlimme E. (eds.): Milk proteins.
Nutritional, clinical, functional and technological
aspects. Springer, New York 1989
7. Bashir M. M. et aI.: Characterization of the complete
human elastin gene. Delineation of unusual features in
the 5'-flanking region. J. BioI. Chern. 264: 8887-91
(1989)
8. Beck K., Hunter I. and Engel J.: Structure and function of laminin: anatomy of a multidomain protein.
Faseb J. 4: 148-160 (1990)
9. Blumberg B., MacKrell A. J. and Fessler J. H.: Drosophila basement membrane procollagen a1(IV). II.
Complete cDNA sequence, genomic structure, and
general implications for supramolecular assemblies. J.
BioI. Chern. 263: 18328-37 (1988)
10. Boccaccio G. L. and Quesada-Allue L. A.: In vivo
biosynthesis of a stage-specific cuticle glycoprotein
during early metamorphosis of the medfly Ceratitis
capitata. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 164:
251-258 (1989)
11. Bonaldo P. et aI.: Structural and functional features of
the a3 chain indicate a bridging role for chicken collagen VI in connective tissues. Biochemistry 29: 1245-54
(1990)
12. Bonsing J. et aI.: Complete nucleotide sequence of the
bovine ~-casein gene. Aust. J. bioI. Sci. 41: 527-537
(1988)
13. Brazel D. et aI.: Completion of the amino acid
sequence of the a1 chain of human basement membrane collagen (type IV) reveals 21 non-triplet interruptions located within the collagenous domain. Eur.
J. Biochem. 168: 529-536 (1987)
14. Burke R. D., Bouland C. and Sanderson A. I.: Collagen diversity in the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Compo Biochem. PhysioI. Pt. B 94: 41-44
(1989)
15. Burley R. W. et aI.: Proteins of the albumen and vitelline membrane of eggs of the estuarine crocodile, Crocodylus porosus. Compo Biochem. PhysioI. Pt. B 88:
863-867 (1987)
16. Buttice G. et al.: Evolution of collagen IV genes from
a 54-base pair exon: A role for introns in gene evolution. J. mol. EvoI. 30: 479-488 (1990)
17. Chen P. S. and Balmer J.: Secretory proteins and sex
peptides of the male accessory gland in Drosophila
sechellia. J. Insect PhysioI. 35: 759-764 (1989)
18. Chi H. S. and Hui C. F.: Primary structure of the Drosophila laminin B2 chain and comparison with human,
mouse, and Drosophila laminin B1 and B2 chains. J.
BioI. Chern. 264: 1543-50 (1989)
19. Chiquet-Ehrismann R.: What distinguishes tenascin
from fibronectin? Faseb J. 4: 2598-2604 (1990)
20. Chu M. L. et aI.: Mosaic structure of globular domains
in the human type VI collagen a3 chain: similarity to
von Willebrand factor, fibronectin, actin, salivary proteins and aprotinin type protease inhibitors. Embo J.
9: 385-393 (1990)
21. Constantz B. and Weiner S.: Acidic macromolecules
associated with the mineral phase of scleractinian coral
skeletons. J. expo ZooI. 248: 253-258 (1988)
22. Cox D. L. and Willis J. H.: Post-translational modifications of the cuticular proteins of Hyalophora cecropia from different anatomical regions and metamer.
Insect Biochem. 17: 469-484 (1987)
23. Cox G. N. et al.: Sequence comparisons of developmentally regulated collagen genes of Caenorhabditis
elegans. Gene 76: 331-344 (1989)
24. D'Alessio M. et aI.: Structure and developmental
expression of a sea urchin fibrillar collagen gene. Proc.
Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 86: 9303-07 (1989)
25. Dardik R. and Lahav J.: Multiple domains are
involved in the interactions of endothelial cell thrombospondin with fibronectin. Eur. J. Biochem. 185:
581-588 (1989)
26. Devinoy E. et aI.: Sequence of the rabbit whey acidic
protein cDNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 16: 8180 (1988)
27. Devinoy E. et aI.: Sequence of the rabbit a-s1-casein
cDNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 16: 11813 (1988)
28. Dublet B. and Vanderrest M.: Type-XIV collagen, a
new homotrimeric molecule extracted fom fetal bovine
skin and tendon, with a triple helical disulfide-bonded
domain homologous to type-IX and type-XII collagens. J. BioI. Chern. 266: 6853-58 (1991)
29. Edwards H. A.: Occurrence of resilin in elastic structures in the food-pump of reduviid bugs. J. expo BioI.
105: 407-409 (1983)
30. Ehrig K. et aI.: Merosin, tissue-specific basement
membrane protein, is a laminin-like protein. Proc.
Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 3264-68 (1990)
31. Exposito J. Y. and Garrone R.: Characterization of a
fibrillar collagen gene in sponges reveals the early
evolutionary appearance of two collagen gene families. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 6669-73 (1990)
11 Extracellular Structural and Secretory Proteins
thesis in the accessory glands, not as the result of
increased transcription of the structural genes but
from increased synthesis of rRNAs and ribosomal
proteins [112]. In the mealworm Tenebrio molitor,
as in many other insects, the secretion from the
male accessory gland is used in the construction
of a spermatophore. This is a complicated object
with a multilayered outer wall and an inner space
filled with sperm-containing fluid. Several "spermatophorins", with masses from 14 to more than
100 kDa, can be extracted from the spermatophores of the mealworm, but none have been
characterized in any detail [115].
References
1. Ala-Kokko L. et aI.: Structure of cDNA clones coding
for the entire preproa1(III) chain of human type III
procollagen. Biochem. J. 260: 509-516 (1989)
2. Alexander L. J. et aI.: Isolation and characterization
of the bovine kappa-casein gene. Eur. J. Biochem.
178: 395-401 (1988)
3. Andersen S. 0.: Comparison between cuticular proteins from two locust species, Locusta migratoria and
Schistocerca gregaria. Insect Biochem. 18: 751-760
(1988)
4. Andersen S. 0.: Cuticular proteins from the shrimp,
Pandalus borealis. Compo Biochem. PhysioI. Pt. B 99:
453-458 (1991)
5. Ann D. K., Smith K. M. and Carlson D. M.: Molecular evolution of the mouse proline-rich protein multigene family. Insertion of a long interspersed repeated
DNA element. J. BioI. Chern. 263: 10887-93 (1988)
6. Barth C. A. and Schlimme E. (eds.): Milk proteins.
Nutritional, clinical, functional and technological
aspects. Springer, New York 1989
7. Bashir M. M. et aI.: Characterization of the complete
human elastin gene. Delineation of unusual features in
the 5'-flanking region. J. BioI. Chern. 264: 8887-91
(1989)
8. Beck K., Hunter I. and Engel J.: Structure and function of laminin: anatomy of a multidomain protein.
Faseb J. 4: 148-160 (1990)
9. Blumberg B., MacKrell A. J. and Fessler J. H.: Drosophila basement membrane procollagen a1(IV). II.
Complete cDNA sequence, genomic structure, and
general implications for supramolecular assemblies. J.
BioI. Chern. 263: 18328-37 (1988)
10. Boccaccio G. L. and Quesada-Allue L. A.: In vivo
biosynthesis of a stage-specific cuticle glycoprotein
during early metamorphosis of the medfly Ceratitis
capitata. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 164:
251-258 (1989)
11. Bonaldo P. et aI.: Structural and functional features of
the a3 chain indicate a bridging role for chicken collagen VI in connective tissues. Biochemistry 29: 1245-54
(1990)
12. Bonsing J. et aI.: Complete nucleotide sequence of the
bovine ~-casein gene. Aust. J. bioI. Sci. 41: 527-537
(1988)
13. Brazel D. et aI.: Completion of the amino acid
sequence of the a1 chain of human basement membrane collagen (type IV) reveals 21 non-triplet interruptions located within the collagenous domain. Eur.
J. Biochem. 168: 529-536 (1987)
14. Burke R. D., Bouland C. and Sanderson A. I.: Collagen diversity in the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Compo Biochem. PhysioI. Pt. B 94: 41-44
(1989)
15. Burley R. W. et aI.: Proteins of the albumen and vitelline membrane of eggs of the estuarine crocodile, Crocodylus porosus. Compo Biochem. PhysioI. Pt. B 88:
863-867 (1987)
16. Buttice G. et al.: Evolution of collagen IV genes from
a 54-base pair exon: A role for introns in gene evolution. J. mol. EvoI. 30: 479-488 (1990)
17. Chen P. S. and Balmer J.: Secretory proteins and sex
peptides of the male accessory gland in Drosophila
sechellia. J. Insect PhysioI. 35: 759-764 (1989)
18. Chi H. S. and Hui C. F.: Primary structure of the Drosophila laminin B2 chain and comparison with human,
mouse, and Drosophila laminin B1 and B2 chains. J.
BioI. Chern. 264: 1543-50 (1989)
19. Chiquet-Ehrismann R.: What distinguishes tenascin
from fibronectin? Faseb J. 4: 2598-2604 (1990)
20. Chu M. L. et aI.: Mosaic structure of globular domains
in the human type VI collagen a3 chain: similarity to
von Willebrand factor, fibronectin, actin, salivary proteins and aprotinin type protease inhibitors. Embo J.
9: 385-393 (1990)
21. Constantz B. and Weiner S.: Acidic macromolecules
associated with the mineral phase of scleractinian coral
skeletons. J. expo ZooI. 248: 253-258 (1988)
22. Cox D. L. and Willis J. H.: Post-translational modifications of the cuticular proteins of Hyalophora cecropia from different anatomical regions and metamer.
Insect Biochem. 17: 469-484 (1987)
23. Cox G. N. et al.: Sequence comparisons of developmentally regulated collagen genes of Caenorhabditis
elegans. Gene 76: 331-344 (1989)
24. D'Alessio M. et aI.: Structure and developmental
expression of a sea urchin fibrillar collagen gene. Proc.
Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 86: 9303-07 (1989)
25. Dardik R. and Lahav J.: Multiple domains are
involved in the interactions of endothelial cell thrombospondin with fibronectin. Eur. J. Biochem. 185:
581-588 (1989)
26. Devinoy E. et aI.: Sequence of the rabbit whey acidic
protein cDNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 16: 8180 (1988)
27. Devinoy E. et aI.: Sequence of the rabbit a-s1-casein
cDNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 16: 11813 (1988)
28. Dublet B. and Vanderrest M.: Type-XIV collagen, a
new homotrimeric molecule extracted fom fetal bovine
skin and tendon, with a triple helical disulfide-bonded
domain homologous to type-IX and type-XII collagens. J. BioI. Chern. 266: 6853-58 (1991)
29. Edwards H. A.: Occurrence of resilin in elastic structures in the food-pump of reduviid bugs. J. expo BioI.
105: 407-409 (1983)
30. Ehrig K. et aI.: Merosin, tissue-specific basement
membrane protein, is a laminin-like protein. Proc.
Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 3264-68 (1990)
31. Exposito J. Y. and Garrone R.: Characterization of a
fibrillar collagen gene in sponges reveals the early
evolutionary appearance of two collagen gene families. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 6669-73 (1990)