172
4 Molecular Evolution
20. Baverstock P. R. et al.: SrRNA evolution and phylogenetic relationships of the genus Naegleria (Protista:
Rhizopoda). Mol. BioI. Evol. 6: 243-257 (1989)
21. Bendall D. S. (ed.): Evolution from molecules to
man. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge 1983
22. van Beneden R. J. and Powers D. A.: Structural and
functional differentiation of two clinally distributed
glucosephosphate isomerase allelic isozymes from the
teleost Fundulus heteroclitus. Mol. BioI. Evol. 6:
155-170 (1989)
23. Benson D. c.: Fourier methods for biosequence
analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 18: 6305-10 (1990)
24. Berger D.: Esterases od Drosophila. II. Biochemical
studies of esterase-5 in D. pseudoobscura. Genetics
78: 1157-72 (1974)
25. Berlocher S. H.: Insect molecular systematics.
Annual Rev. Entomol. 29: 403-433 (1984)
26. Bernardi G. et al.: Compositional patterns in vertebrate genomes: Conservation and change in evolution. J. mol. Evol. 28: 7-18 (1989)
27. Beverley M., Ismach R. B. and McMahon Pratt D.:
Evolution of the genus Leishmania as revealed by
comparisons of nuclear DNA restriction fragment
patterns. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 84: 484-488
(1987)
28. Beverley S. M. and WIlson A. C.: Ancient origin for
Hawaiian Drosophilinae inferred from protein comparisons. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 82: 4753-57
(1985)
29. Bishop M. J. and Rawlings C. J. (eds.): Nucleic acids
and protein sequence analysis. IRL Press, Oxford
1987
30. Black IV W C. and Krafsur E. S.: Electrophoretic
analysis of genetic variability in the house fly (Musca
domestica L.). Biochem. Genetics 23: 193-203 (1985)
31. Blaisdell B. E.: A method of estimating from two
aligned present day DNA sequences their ancestral
composition and subsequent rates of substitution,
possibly different in the two lineages, corrected for
multiple and parallel substitutions at the same site. J.
mol. Evol. 22: 69-81 (1985)
32. Blaisdell B. E.: Effectiveness of measures requiring
and not requiring prior sequence alignment for estimating the dissimilarity of natural sequences. J. mol.
Evol. 29: 526-537 (1989)
33. Bogart J. P. and Tandy M.: Polyploid amphibians:
Three more diploid-tetraploid cryptic species of frogs.
Science 193: 334-335 (1976)
34. Bonhomme F. et al.: Biochemical diversity and evolution in the genus Mus. Biochem. Genetics 22:
275-303 (1984)
35. Bonnell M. L. and Selander R. K.: Elephant seals:
genetic variation and near extinction. Science 184:
908-909 (1974)
36. Bonnet F. et al.: An unexpected sequence homology
between link proteins of the proteoglycan complex
and immunoglobulin-like proteins. Biochim. biophys. Acta 873: 152-155 (1986)
37. Brent L. et al.: Further studies on supposed lamarckian inheritance of immunological tolerance. Nature
295: 242-244 (1982)
38. Britten R. J.: Rates of DNA sequence evolution differ between taxonomic groups. Science 231: 1393-98
(1986)
39. Britten R. J. et al.: Sources and evolution of human
Alu repeated sequences. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA
85: 4770-74 (1988)
40. Brown A. J. L.: Variation ofthe 87Aheat shock locus
in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.
USA 80: 5350-54 (1983)
41. Brown G. G. and Simpson M. Y.: Intra- and interspecific variation of the mitochondrial genome in Rattus
norwegicus and Rattus rattus: Restriction enzyme
analysis of variant mitochondrial DNA molecules and
their evolutionary relationships. Genetics 97:
125-143 (1981)
42. Brown G. G. and Simpson M. Y.: Novel features of
animal mtDNA evolution as shown by sequences of 2
rat cytochrome oxidase subunit-II genes. Proc. Nat.
Acad. Sci. USA 79: 3246-50 (1982)
43. Brownell E.: DNAIDNA hybridisation studies of
muroid rodents: Symmetry and rates of molecular
evolution. Evolution 37: 1034-51 (1983)
44. Brunk C. F. and Olson E. C. (eds.): The C.S.E.O.L.
conference on DNA-DNA hybridisation and evolution, Lake Arrowhead, California, May 11-14, 1989.
J. mol. Evol. 30: 101-297 (1990)
45. Bryan G., Garza D. and Hartl D.: Insertion and excision of the transposable element mariner in Drosophila. Genetics 125: 103-114 (1990)
46. Buchanan B. A. and Johnson D. L. E.: Hidden electrophoretic variation at the xanthine dehydrogenase
locus in a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 104: 301-315 (1983)
47. Bulfield G., Moore E. A. and Kacser H.: Genetic
variation in activity of the enzymes of glycolysis and
gluconeogenesis between inbred strains of mice.
Genetics 89: 551-561 (1978)
48. Burbaum J. J. et al.: Evolutionary optimization of
the catalytic effectiveness of an enzyme. Biochemistry 28: 9293-9305 (1989)
49. Burke W D. and Eickbush T. H.: The silkworm late
chorion locus. I. Variation within two paired multigene families. J. mol. BioI. 190: 343-356 (1986)
50. Burkhart B. D. et al.: Characterization of allozyme
null and low activity alleles from two natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 107:
295-306 (1984)
51. Butler M. H. et al.: Molecular relationships between
closely related strains and species of nematodes. J.
mol. Evol. 18: 18-23 (1981)
52. Cabrera Y. M. et al.: Electrophoretic variability in
natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster and
Drosophila simulans. Genetica 59: 191-201 (1982)
53. Caccone A., Desalle R. and Powell J. R.: Calibration
of the change in thermal stability of DNA duplexes
and degree of base pair mismatch. J. mol. Evol. 27:
212-216 (1988)
54. Caccone A. and Powell J. R.: DNA divergence
among hominids. Evolution 43: 925-942 (1989)
55. Campbell C. A., Valentine J. W andAyalaE J.: High
genetic variability in a popUlation ofTridacna maxima
from the Great Barrier Reef. Mar. BioI. 33: 341-345
(1975)
56. Carlson D. A. and Service M. W: Identification of
mosquitoes of Anopheles gambiae species complex A
and B by analysis of cuticular components. Science
207: 1089-91 (1980)
57. Carr S. M., Brothers A. J. and Wilson A. c.: Evolutionary inferences from restriction maps of mitochondrial DNA from 9 taxa of Xenopus frogs. Evolution 41: 176-188 (1987)
4 Molecular Evolution
20. Baverstock P. R. et al.: SrRNA evolution and phylogenetic relationships of the genus Naegleria (Protista:
Rhizopoda). Mol. BioI. Evol. 6: 243-257 (1989)
21. Bendall D. S. (ed.): Evolution from molecules to
man. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge 1983
22. van Beneden R. J. and Powers D. A.: Structural and
functional differentiation of two clinally distributed
glucosephosphate isomerase allelic isozymes from the
teleost Fundulus heteroclitus. Mol. BioI. Evol. 6:
155-170 (1989)
23. Benson D. c.: Fourier methods for biosequence
analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 18: 6305-10 (1990)
24. Berger D.: Esterases od Drosophila. II. Biochemical
studies of esterase-5 in D. pseudoobscura. Genetics
78: 1157-72 (1974)
25. Berlocher S. H.: Insect molecular systematics.
Annual Rev. Entomol. 29: 403-433 (1984)
26. Bernardi G. et al.: Compositional patterns in vertebrate genomes: Conservation and change in evolution. J. mol. Evol. 28: 7-18 (1989)
27. Beverley M., Ismach R. B. and McMahon Pratt D.:
Evolution of the genus Leishmania as revealed by
comparisons of nuclear DNA restriction fragment
patterns. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 84: 484-488
(1987)
28. Beverley S. M. and WIlson A. C.: Ancient origin for
Hawaiian Drosophilinae inferred from protein comparisons. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 82: 4753-57
(1985)
29. Bishop M. J. and Rawlings C. J. (eds.): Nucleic acids
and protein sequence analysis. IRL Press, Oxford
1987
30. Black IV W C. and Krafsur E. S.: Electrophoretic
analysis of genetic variability in the house fly (Musca
domestica L.). Biochem. Genetics 23: 193-203 (1985)
31. Blaisdell B. E.: A method of estimating from two
aligned present day DNA sequences their ancestral
composition and subsequent rates of substitution,
possibly different in the two lineages, corrected for
multiple and parallel substitutions at the same site. J.
mol. Evol. 22: 69-81 (1985)
32. Blaisdell B. E.: Effectiveness of measures requiring
and not requiring prior sequence alignment for estimating the dissimilarity of natural sequences. J. mol.
Evol. 29: 526-537 (1989)
33. Bogart J. P. and Tandy M.: Polyploid amphibians:
Three more diploid-tetraploid cryptic species of frogs.
Science 193: 334-335 (1976)
34. Bonhomme F. et al.: Biochemical diversity and evolution in the genus Mus. Biochem. Genetics 22:
275-303 (1984)
35. Bonnell M. L. and Selander R. K.: Elephant seals:
genetic variation and near extinction. Science 184:
908-909 (1974)
36. Bonnet F. et al.: An unexpected sequence homology
between link proteins of the proteoglycan complex
and immunoglobulin-like proteins. Biochim. biophys. Acta 873: 152-155 (1986)
37. Brent L. et al.: Further studies on supposed lamarckian inheritance of immunological tolerance. Nature
295: 242-244 (1982)
38. Britten R. J.: Rates of DNA sequence evolution differ between taxonomic groups. Science 231: 1393-98
(1986)
39. Britten R. J. et al.: Sources and evolution of human
Alu repeated sequences. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA
85: 4770-74 (1988)
40. Brown A. J. L.: Variation ofthe 87Aheat shock locus
in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.
USA 80: 5350-54 (1983)
41. Brown G. G. and Simpson M. Y.: Intra- and interspecific variation of the mitochondrial genome in Rattus
norwegicus and Rattus rattus: Restriction enzyme
analysis of variant mitochondrial DNA molecules and
their evolutionary relationships. Genetics 97:
125-143 (1981)
42. Brown G. G. and Simpson M. Y.: Novel features of
animal mtDNA evolution as shown by sequences of 2
rat cytochrome oxidase subunit-II genes. Proc. Nat.
Acad. Sci. USA 79: 3246-50 (1982)
43. Brownell E.: DNAIDNA hybridisation studies of
muroid rodents: Symmetry and rates of molecular
evolution. Evolution 37: 1034-51 (1983)
44. Brunk C. F. and Olson E. C. (eds.): The C.S.E.O.L.
conference on DNA-DNA hybridisation and evolution, Lake Arrowhead, California, May 11-14, 1989.
J. mol. Evol. 30: 101-297 (1990)
45. Bryan G., Garza D. and Hartl D.: Insertion and excision of the transposable element mariner in Drosophila. Genetics 125: 103-114 (1990)
46. Buchanan B. A. and Johnson D. L. E.: Hidden electrophoretic variation at the xanthine dehydrogenase
locus in a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 104: 301-315 (1983)
47. Bulfield G., Moore E. A. and Kacser H.: Genetic
variation in activity of the enzymes of glycolysis and
gluconeogenesis between inbred strains of mice.
Genetics 89: 551-561 (1978)
48. Burbaum J. J. et al.: Evolutionary optimization of
the catalytic effectiveness of an enzyme. Biochemistry 28: 9293-9305 (1989)
49. Burke W D. and Eickbush T. H.: The silkworm late
chorion locus. I. Variation within two paired multigene families. J. mol. BioI. 190: 343-356 (1986)
50. Burkhart B. D. et al.: Characterization of allozyme
null and low activity alleles from two natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 107:
295-306 (1984)
51. Butler M. H. et al.: Molecular relationships between
closely related strains and species of nematodes. J.
mol. Evol. 18: 18-23 (1981)
52. Cabrera Y. M. et al.: Electrophoretic variability in
natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster and
Drosophila simulans. Genetica 59: 191-201 (1982)
53. Caccone A., Desalle R. and Powell J. R.: Calibration
of the change in thermal stability of DNA duplexes
and degree of base pair mismatch. J. mol. Evol. 27:
212-216 (1988)
54. Caccone A. and Powell J. R.: DNA divergence
among hominids. Evolution 43: 925-942 (1989)
55. Campbell C. A., Valentine J. W andAyalaE J.: High
genetic variability in a popUlation ofTridacna maxima
from the Great Barrier Reef. Mar. BioI. 33: 341-345
(1975)
56. Carlson D. A. and Service M. W: Identification of
mosquitoes of Anopheles gambiae species complex A
and B by analysis of cuticular components. Science
207: 1089-91 (1980)
57. Carr S. M., Brothers A. J. and Wilson A. c.: Evolutionary inferences from restriction maps of mitochondrial DNA from 9 taxa of Xenopus frogs. Evolution 41: 176-188 (1987)