Index
689
turgor pressure gradient, 235
turnover, 392
turtlegrass, 478
canopy spectra, 311
irradiance spectra, 311
optical properties, 309
turtles, 205
two groups of genera, 8
two major floods, 286
two-flow equations, 353
types of Seeds, 80
typhoons, 118
U.S. Endangered Species Act, 610
ultrastructure, 51, 52, 61
leaf blade, 61
leaf cuticle, 61
leaf epidermis, 61
ultraviolet-B radiation, 209
Ulva lactuca, 330
Ulva rigida, 140
underestimates of Grazing Losses, 480
underground rhizome, 57, 328
ungulates, 466
unicellular hairs, 61
unique, 73
unique viviparous seedings, 79
unisexual flowers in cymose, 95
United States, 121
United States Endangered Species Act, 610
unstirred boundary layer, 231
upgrade of sewage outfalls, 575
uptake, 198, 229, 245, 413
uptake characteristics, 415
uptake kinetics, 142, 198
uptake of heavy metal, 581
uptake of nutrients, 199
uptake of phosphate, 150
upwelling, 201
urea, 229
US Virgin Islands, 428
US Endangered Species Act, 611
USA, 5, 285, 509
use of seagrass beds by fish species, 503
use of seeds, 126
utilisation, 339
UVB Inhibition, 334
Vallisneria, 99
Vallisneria-group, 11
Vallisneriaceae, 323
Vallisnerioideae, 12
values of δ
13 C, 523
variable fluorescence, 331
vary latitudinally, 545
vascular bundle, 66
vascular bundle sheath cells, 68
vascular bundles, 57, 59
vascular parenchyma cells, 68, 69
vascular sheath cells, 60
vascular tissues, 68
vegetation, 540
vegetation structure, 423
vegetation Succession, 427
vegetative, 416
vegetative anatomy, 51
vegetative and Sexual, 275
vegetative fragments as vectors for colonization, 278
vegetative growth, 39, 416
vegetative Morphology, 52
vegetative nuclei, 73
vegetative nucleus, 76
vegetative propagation, 421
vegetative shoot formation, 276
vegetative shoot formation scales, 275
vegetative shoot recruitment, 275
vegetative vs sexual recruitment, 275
velocities, 118
velocity, 206, 208, 210, 264
velocity gradients, 98, 99, 100
vertebrate herbivores, 465
vertical biomas distribution, 306
vertical diffuse attenuation coefficient, 354
vertical distribution, 306
vertical exchange, 208
vertical flow, 206
vertical rhizomes, 418
vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae, 57
vessels, 69
Victoria, 10
Vietnam, 5
viscous drag, 195
viscous sublayer, 195
visible implant fluorescent elastomer, 522
visual estimate of seagrass cover, 613
viviparous reproduction, 79
viviparous seedlings, 104
volume scattering function, 299
Wadden Sea, 289
seagrass decline, 289
wall composition, 70
Waquoit Bay, 373
loss of eelgrass, 373
wasting disease, 287, 288, 371, 372, 603
current situation, 371
Japan, 372
long term changes, 288
New Zealand, 372
Zostera, 371
wasting disease symptoms, 372
water column, 140, 208, 261, 295
water column hypoxia, 277
water column nutrient, 573
water column oxygen, 265, 267
water depths, 287
effects eelgrass, 287
“Wasting disease”, 371
water flow (also see current), 195, 200, 215, 259, 260
creeping, 195
intensification, 195
laminar, 195
689
turgor pressure gradient, 235
turnover, 392
turtlegrass, 478
canopy spectra, 311
irradiance spectra, 311
optical properties, 309
turtles, 205
two groups of genera, 8
two major floods, 286
two-flow equations, 353
types of Seeds, 80
typhoons, 118
U.S. Endangered Species Act, 610
ultrastructure, 51, 52, 61
leaf blade, 61
leaf cuticle, 61
leaf epidermis, 61
ultraviolet-B radiation, 209
Ulva lactuca, 330
Ulva rigida, 140
underestimates of Grazing Losses, 480
underground rhizome, 57, 328
ungulates, 466
unicellular hairs, 61
unique, 73
unique viviparous seedings, 79
unisexual flowers in cymose, 95
United States, 121
United States Endangered Species Act, 610
unstirred boundary layer, 231
upgrade of sewage outfalls, 575
uptake, 198, 229, 245, 413
uptake characteristics, 415
uptake kinetics, 142, 198
uptake of heavy metal, 581
uptake of nutrients, 199
uptake of phosphate, 150
upwelling, 201
urea, 229
US Virgin Islands, 428
US Endangered Species Act, 611
USA, 5, 285, 509
use of seagrass beds by fish species, 503
use of seeds, 126
utilisation, 339
UVB Inhibition, 334
Vallisneria, 99
Vallisneria-group, 11
Vallisneriaceae, 323
Vallisnerioideae, 12
values of δ
13 C, 523
variable fluorescence, 331
vary latitudinally, 545
vascular bundle, 66
vascular bundle sheath cells, 68
vascular bundles, 57, 59
vascular parenchyma cells, 68, 69
vascular sheath cells, 60
vascular tissues, 68
vegetation, 540
vegetation structure, 423
vegetation Succession, 427
vegetative, 416
vegetative anatomy, 51
vegetative and Sexual, 275
vegetative fragments as vectors for colonization, 278
vegetative growth, 39, 416
vegetative Morphology, 52
vegetative nuclei, 73
vegetative nucleus, 76
vegetative propagation, 421
vegetative shoot formation, 276
vegetative shoot formation scales, 275
vegetative shoot recruitment, 275
vegetative vs sexual recruitment, 275
velocities, 118
velocity, 206, 208, 210, 264
velocity gradients, 98, 99, 100
vertebrate herbivores, 465
vertical biomas distribution, 306
vertical diffuse attenuation coefficient, 354
vertical distribution, 306
vertical exchange, 208
vertical flow, 206
vertical rhizomes, 418
vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae, 57
vessels, 69
Victoria, 10
Vietnam, 5
viscous drag, 195
viscous sublayer, 195
visible implant fluorescent elastomer, 522
visual estimate of seagrass cover, 613
viviparous reproduction, 79
viviparous seedlings, 104
volume scattering function, 299
Wadden Sea, 289
seagrass decline, 289
wall composition, 70
Waquoit Bay, 373
loss of eelgrass, 373
wasting disease, 287, 288, 371, 372, 603
current situation, 371
Japan, 372
long term changes, 288
New Zealand, 372
Zostera, 371
wasting disease symptoms, 372
water column, 140, 208, 261, 295
water column hypoxia, 277
water column nutrient, 573
water column oxygen, 265, 267
water depths, 287
effects eelgrass, 287
“Wasting disease”, 371
water flow (also see current), 195, 200, 215, 259, 260
creeping, 195
intensification, 195
laminar, 195