592
P. J. Ralph, D. Tomasko, K. Moore, S. Seddon, and C. M. O. Macinnis-Ng
Short FT and Burdick DM (1996) Quantifying eelgrass habitat loss in relation to housing development and nitrogen
loading in Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts. Estuaries 19: 730–
739
Short FT and Wyllie-Echeverria S (1996) Natural and humaninduced disturbance of seagrasses. Environ Conserv 23: 17–
27
Short FT, Burdick DM and Kaldy JE (1995) Mesocosm experiments quantify the effects of eutrophication on eelgrass,
Zostera marina. Limnol Oceanogr 40: 740–749
Short FT, Davis MW, Gibson RA and Zimmerman CF (1985)
Evidence for phosphorus limitation in carbonate sediments of
the seagrass Syringodium filiforme. Est Coast Shelf Sci 20:
419–430
Short FT, Denison WC and Capone DG (1990) Phosphoruslimited growth of the tropical seagrass Syringodium filiforme
in carbonate sediments. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 62: 169–174
Silberstein K, Chiffings AW and McComb AJ (1986) The loss of
seagrass in Cockburn Sound, Western Australia. III. The effect
of epiphytes on productivity of Posidonia australis Hook. f.
Aquat Bot 24: 355–371
Smith SV and Atkinson MJ (1983) Mass balance of carbon
and phosphorus in Shark Bay, Western Australia. Limnol
Oceanogr 28: 625–639
Solomon KR, Baker DB, Richards RP, Dixon KR, Klaine SJ, La
Point TW, Kendall RJ, Weisskopf CP, Giddings JM, Giesy JP,
Hall LW and Williams WM (1996) Ecological risk assessment
of atrazine in North American surface waters. Environ Toxicol
Chem 15: 31–76
Squires AP, Zarbock H and Janicki S (1998) Loadings of total
nitrogen, total phosphorus and total suspended solids to Charlotte Harbor. In: Treat SF (ed) Proceedings of the Charlotte
Harbor Public Conference and Technical Symposium; 1997
March 15–16; Punta Gorda, Florida. Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program Technical Report No. 98–02, pp 187–
200. South Florida Water Management District, West Palm
Beach (Fla.)
Stephens A (1995) The distribution of seagrass in Western Port,
Victoria. Publication 490. Environmental Protection Authority, Melbourne
Tampa Bay National Estuary Program (1996) Charting the
Course: The Comprehensive Conservation and Management
Plan for Tampa Bay. Tampa Bay National Estuary Program,
St. Petersburg, FL
Thomas KV, Blake SV and Waldock MJ (2000) Antifouling paint
booster biocide contamination in UK marine sediments. Mar
Pollut Bull 40: 739–745
Thomas KV, Fileman TW, Readman JW and Waldock MJ (2001)
Antifouling paint booster biocides in the UK coastal environment and potential risks of biological effects. Mar Pollut Bull
42: 677–688
Thorhaug A (1988) Dispersed oil effects on mangroves, seagrasses and corals in the wider Caribbean. In: Proceedings of
the Sixth International Coral Reef Symposium, pp 337–339.
Australia, Townsville
Thorhaug A (1992) Oil spills in the tropics and subtropics. In:
Connell DW and Hawker D (eds) Pollution in Tropical Aquatic
Systems, pp 99–127. CRC Press Inc, London
Thorhaug A, Marcus J and Booker F (1986) Oil and dispersed
oil on subtropical and tropical seagrasses in laboratory studies.
Mar Pollut Bull 17: 357–361
Tomasko DA (2000) Seagrass restoration varies in Southwest
Florida’s estuaries. Estuarine Research Federation Newsletter,
Vol 26, Fall 2000
Tomasko DA (2002) Status and trends of seagrass coverage in
Tampa Bay, with reference to other Southwest Florida estuaries. pp 11–20. In: Greening H (ed) Seagrass Management: It’s
Not Just Nutrients!. Tampa Bay Estuary Program, St. Petersburg, FL
Tomasko DA and Lapointe BE (1991) Productivity and biomass
of Thalassia testudinum as related to water column nutrient
availability and epiphyte levels: Field observations and experimental studies. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 75: 9–17
Tomasko DA and Hall MO (1999) Productivity and biomass of
the seagrass Thalassia testudinum along a gradient of freshwater influence in Charlotte Harbor, Florida. Estuaries 22: 592–
602
Tomasko DA, Dawes CJ and Hall MO (1996) The effects of
anthropogenic nutrient enrichment on Turtle Grass (Thalassia
testudinum) in Sarasota Bay, Florida. Estuaries 19: 448–456
Tomasko DA, Bristol DL and Ott JA (2001) Assessment of
present and future nitrogen loads, water quality, and seagrass (Thalassia testudinum) depth distribution in Lemon Bay,
Florida. Estuaries 24: 926–938
Turner AP (1994) The responses of plants to heavy metals. In:
Ross SM (ed) Toxic Metals in Soil-Plant Systems, pp 153–187.
John Wiley & Son, New York
Turner RE, Stanley D, Brock D, Pennock J and Rabalais NN
(2001) A comparison of independent N-loading estimates for
US estuaries. In: Valigura RA, Alexander RB, Castro MS,
Meyers TP, Paerl HW, Stacey PE and Turner RE (eds) Nitrogen
Loading in Coastal Water Bodies: An Atmospheric Perspective, pp 107–118. American Geophysical Union, Washington,
DC
Udy JW and Dennison WC (1997a) Physiological responses of
seagrasses used to identify anthropogenic nutrient inputs. Mar
Freshwater Res 48: 605–614
Udy JW and Dennison WC (1997b) Growth and physiological
responses of three seagrass species to elevated sediment nutrients. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 217: 253–277
Udy JW, Dennison WC, Lee Long WJ and McKenzie LJ (1999)
Responses of seagrass to nutrients in the Great Barrier Reef,
Australia. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 185: 257–271
Valiela I, McClelland J, Hauxwell J, Behr PJ, Hersh D and
Foreman K (1997) Macroalgal blooms in shallow estuaries:
Controls and ecophysiological and ecosystem consequences.
Limnol Oceanogr 42: 1105–1118
van Katwijk MM, Vergeer LHT, Schmitz GHW and Roelois JGM
(1997) Ammonium toxicity in eelgrass Zostera marina. Mar
Ecol Prog Ser 157: 159–173
van Lent F, Verschuure JM and van Veghel MLJ (1995) Comparative study on populations of Zostera marina L. (eelgrass):
In situ nitrogen enrichment and light manipulation. J Exp Mar
Biol Ecol 185: 55–76
Verkleij JAC and Schat H (1990) Mechanisms of metal tolerance
in higher plants. In: Shaw AJ (ed) Heavy Metal Tolerance in
Plants: Evolutionary Aspects, pp 179–193. CRC Press Inc.,
Florida
Walker DI and McComb AJ (1988) Seasonal variation in the production, biomass and nutrient status of Amphibolis antarctica
(Labill.) Sonder ex Aschers. and Posidonia australis Hook f.
in Shark Bay, Western Australia. Aquat Bot 31: 259–275
P. J. Ralph, D. Tomasko, K. Moore, S. Seddon, and C. M. O. Macinnis-Ng
Short FT and Burdick DM (1996) Quantifying eelgrass habitat loss in relation to housing development and nitrogen
loading in Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts. Estuaries 19: 730–
739
Short FT and Wyllie-Echeverria S (1996) Natural and humaninduced disturbance of seagrasses. Environ Conserv 23: 17–
27
Short FT, Burdick DM and Kaldy JE (1995) Mesocosm experiments quantify the effects of eutrophication on eelgrass,
Zostera marina. Limnol Oceanogr 40: 740–749
Short FT, Davis MW, Gibson RA and Zimmerman CF (1985)
Evidence for phosphorus limitation in carbonate sediments of
the seagrass Syringodium filiforme. Est Coast Shelf Sci 20:
419–430
Short FT, Denison WC and Capone DG (1990) Phosphoruslimited growth of the tropical seagrass Syringodium filiforme
in carbonate sediments. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 62: 169–174
Silberstein K, Chiffings AW and McComb AJ (1986) The loss of
seagrass in Cockburn Sound, Western Australia. III. The effect
of epiphytes on productivity of Posidonia australis Hook. f.
Aquat Bot 24: 355–371
Smith SV and Atkinson MJ (1983) Mass balance of carbon
and phosphorus in Shark Bay, Western Australia. Limnol
Oceanogr 28: 625–639
Solomon KR, Baker DB, Richards RP, Dixon KR, Klaine SJ, La
Point TW, Kendall RJ, Weisskopf CP, Giddings JM, Giesy JP,
Hall LW and Williams WM (1996) Ecological risk assessment
of atrazine in North American surface waters. Environ Toxicol
Chem 15: 31–76
Squires AP, Zarbock H and Janicki S (1998) Loadings of total
nitrogen, total phosphorus and total suspended solids to Charlotte Harbor. In: Treat SF (ed) Proceedings of the Charlotte
Harbor Public Conference and Technical Symposium; 1997
March 15–16; Punta Gorda, Florida. Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program Technical Report No. 98–02, pp 187–
200. South Florida Water Management District, West Palm
Beach (Fla.)
Stephens A (1995) The distribution of seagrass in Western Port,
Victoria. Publication 490. Environmental Protection Authority, Melbourne
Tampa Bay National Estuary Program (1996) Charting the
Course: The Comprehensive Conservation and Management
Plan for Tampa Bay. Tampa Bay National Estuary Program,
St. Petersburg, FL
Thomas KV, Blake SV and Waldock MJ (2000) Antifouling paint
booster biocide contamination in UK marine sediments. Mar
Pollut Bull 40: 739–745
Thomas KV, Fileman TW, Readman JW and Waldock MJ (2001)
Antifouling paint booster biocides in the UK coastal environment and potential risks of biological effects. Mar Pollut Bull
42: 677–688
Thorhaug A (1988) Dispersed oil effects on mangroves, seagrasses and corals in the wider Caribbean. In: Proceedings of
the Sixth International Coral Reef Symposium, pp 337–339.
Australia, Townsville
Thorhaug A (1992) Oil spills in the tropics and subtropics. In:
Connell DW and Hawker D (eds) Pollution in Tropical Aquatic
Systems, pp 99–127. CRC Press Inc, London
Thorhaug A, Marcus J and Booker F (1986) Oil and dispersed
oil on subtropical and tropical seagrasses in laboratory studies.
Mar Pollut Bull 17: 357–361
Tomasko DA (2000) Seagrass restoration varies in Southwest
Florida’s estuaries. Estuarine Research Federation Newsletter,
Vol 26, Fall 2000
Tomasko DA (2002) Status and trends of seagrass coverage in
Tampa Bay, with reference to other Southwest Florida estuaries. pp 11–20. In: Greening H (ed) Seagrass Management: It’s
Not Just Nutrients!. Tampa Bay Estuary Program, St. Petersburg, FL
Tomasko DA and Lapointe BE (1991) Productivity and biomass
of Thalassia testudinum as related to water column nutrient
availability and epiphyte levels: Field observations and experimental studies. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 75: 9–17
Tomasko DA and Hall MO (1999) Productivity and biomass of
the seagrass Thalassia testudinum along a gradient of freshwater influence in Charlotte Harbor, Florida. Estuaries 22: 592–
602
Tomasko DA, Dawes CJ and Hall MO (1996) The effects of
anthropogenic nutrient enrichment on Turtle Grass (Thalassia
testudinum) in Sarasota Bay, Florida. Estuaries 19: 448–456
Tomasko DA, Bristol DL and Ott JA (2001) Assessment of
present and future nitrogen loads, water quality, and seagrass (Thalassia testudinum) depth distribution in Lemon Bay,
Florida. Estuaries 24: 926–938
Turner AP (1994) The responses of plants to heavy metals. In:
Ross SM (ed) Toxic Metals in Soil-Plant Systems, pp 153–187.
John Wiley & Son, New York
Turner RE, Stanley D, Brock D, Pennock J and Rabalais NN
(2001) A comparison of independent N-loading estimates for
US estuaries. In: Valigura RA, Alexander RB, Castro MS,
Meyers TP, Paerl HW, Stacey PE and Turner RE (eds) Nitrogen
Loading in Coastal Water Bodies: An Atmospheric Perspective, pp 107–118. American Geophysical Union, Washington,
DC
Udy JW and Dennison WC (1997a) Physiological responses of
seagrasses used to identify anthropogenic nutrient inputs. Mar
Freshwater Res 48: 605–614
Udy JW and Dennison WC (1997b) Growth and physiological
responses of three seagrass species to elevated sediment nutrients. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 217: 253–277
Udy JW, Dennison WC, Lee Long WJ and McKenzie LJ (1999)
Responses of seagrass to nutrients in the Great Barrier Reef,
Australia. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 185: 257–271
Valiela I, McClelland J, Hauxwell J, Behr PJ, Hersh D and
Foreman K (1997) Macroalgal blooms in shallow estuaries:
Controls and ecophysiological and ecosystem consequences.
Limnol Oceanogr 42: 1105–1118
van Katwijk MM, Vergeer LHT, Schmitz GHW and Roelois JGM
(1997) Ammonium toxicity in eelgrass Zostera marina. Mar
Ecol Prog Ser 157: 159–173
van Lent F, Verschuure JM and van Veghel MLJ (1995) Comparative study on populations of Zostera marina L. (eelgrass):
In situ nitrogen enrichment and light manipulation. J Exp Mar
Biol Ecol 185: 55–76
Verkleij JAC and Schat H (1990) Mechanisms of metal tolerance
in higher plants. In: Shaw AJ (ed) Heavy Metal Tolerance in
Plants: Evolutionary Aspects, pp 179–193. CRC Press Inc.,
Florida
Walker DI and McComb AJ (1988) Seasonal variation in the production, biomass and nutrient status of Amphibolis antarctica
(Labill.) Sonder ex Aschers. and Posidonia australis Hook f.
in Shark Bay, Western Australia. Aquat Bot 31: 259–275