590
P. J. Ralph, D. Tomasko, K. Moore, S. Seddon, and C. M. O. Macinnis-Ng
Johansson JOR and Greening HS (1999) Seagrass restoration in
Tampa Bay: A resource-based approach to estuarine management. In: Bortone SA (ed) Seagrasses: Monitoring, Ecology,
Physiology, and Management, pp 279–293. CRC Press, Boca
Raton, FL
Juday GP and Foster NR (1990) A preliminary look at effects of
the Exxon Valdez oil spill on Green Island Research natural
area. Agroborealis 22: 10–17
Kemp WM, Boynton WR, Twilley RR, Court Stevenson J and
Meena JC (1983) The decline of submerged vascular plants in
upper Chesapeake Bay: Summary of results concerning possible causes. Mar Soc Tech J 17: 78–89
Kenworthy WJ, Durako MJ, Fatemy SMR, Valavis H and Thayer
GW (1993) Ecology of seagrasses in Northeastern Saudi Arabia one year after the Gulf War oil spill. Mar Pollut Bull 27:
213–222
Kirk JTO (1994) Light and Photosynthesis in Aquatic Ecosystems, 2nd Ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Kirkman H (1997) Seagrasses of Australia. Australia: State of the
Environment Technical Paper Series (Estuaries and the Sea).
Australian Government Printing Service, Canberra
Klerks PL and Weis JS (1987) Genetic adaptation to heavy metals
in aquatic organisms: A review. Environ Pollut 45: 173–205
Koch EW (1999) Sediment resuspension in a shallow Thalassia
testudinum banks ex Konig bed. Aquat Bot 65: 269–280
Koch MS and Erskine JM (2001) Sulfide as a phytotoxin to the
tropical seagrass Thalassia testudinum: Interactions with light,
salinity and temperature. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 266: 81–95
Kurz RC, Tomasko DA, Burdick D, Ries TF, Patterson K and
Finck R (1999) Recent trends in seagrass distributions in
Southwest Florida coastal waters. In: Bortone SA (ed) Seagrasses: Monitoring, Ecology, Physiology, and Management,
pp 157–166. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
Lapointe BE, Tomasko DA and Matzie W (1994) Trophic structuring of marine plant communities in the Florida Keys. Bull
Mar Sci 54: 696–717
Larkum AWD (1976) Ecology of Botany Bay I. Growth of Posidonia australis (Brown) Hook. f . in Botany Bay and other
Bays of the Sydney basin. Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 27:
117–127
Larkum AWD and West RJ (1983) Stability, depletion and
restoration of seagrass beds. Proc Linnean Soc NSW 106:
201–212
Larkum AWD and West RJ (1990) Long-term changes of seagrass meadows in Botany Bay, Australia. Aquat Bot 37:
55–70
Leadbitter D, Lee Long D and Dalmazzo P (1999) Seagrasses
and their management—implications for research. In: Butler A
and Jernakoff P (eds) Seagrass in Australia, Strategic Review
and Development of An R&D plan, pp 210. CSIRO Publishing
Australia, Collingwood
Lee KS and Dunton KH (1997) Effects of in situ light reduction on the maintenance, growth and partitioning of carbon
resources in Thalassia testudinum Banks ex Konig. J Exp Mar
Biol Ecol 210: 53–73
Lewis RR III, Haddad KD and Johansson JOR (1991) Recent
areal expansion of seagrass meadows in Tampa Bay, Florida:
Real bay improvement or drought-induced? pp 189–192. In:
Treat SF and Clark PA (eds) Proceedings, Tampa Bay Area
Scientific Information Symposium 2. Tampa Bay Regional
Planning Council, St. Petersburg, FL
Longstaff BJ and Dennison WC (1999) Seagrass survival during
pulsed turbidity events: The effects of light deprivation on the
seagrasses Halodule pinifolia and Halophila ovalis. Aquat Bot
65: 105–121
Lyngby JE and Brix H (1982) Seasonal and environmental variation in cadmium, copper, lead and zinc concentrations in eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) in the Limfjord, Denmark. Aquat
Bot 14: 59–74
Lytle JS and Lytle TF (2001) Use of plants for toxicity assessment of estuarine ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 20:
68–83
MacFarlane GR and Burchett MD (2001) Photosynthetic pigments and peroxidase activity as indicators of heavy metal
stress in the grey mangrove, Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh.
Mar Pollut Bull 42: 233–240
Macinnis-Ng CMO and Ralph PJ (2002) Towards a more ecologically relevant assessment of the impact of heavy metals
on the photosynthesis of the seagrass Zostera capricorni. Mar
Pollut Bull 45: 100–106
Macinnis-Ng CMO and Ralph PJ (2003a) Short-term response
and recovery of Zostera capricorni photosynthesis after herbicide exposure. Aquat Bot 76: 1–15
Macinnis-Ng CMO and Ralph PJ (2004) Variations in sensitivity
to copper and zinc amongst three populations of the seagrass,
Zostera capricorni. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 302: 63–83
Macinnis-Ng CMO and Ralph PJ (2003b) In situ impact of petrochemicals on the photosynthesis of the seagrass Zostera capricorni. Mar Pollut Bull 46: 1395–1407
Malea P, Haritonidis S and Kevrekidis T (1995) The short-term
uptake of copper by the two parts of the seagrass Halophila
stipulacea (Forsk.) Aschers. and leaf-cells viability. Fresenius
Environ Bull 4: 117–122
McGlathery KJ (2001) Macroalgal blooms contribute to decline
of seagrass in nutrient-enriched coastal waters. J Phycol 37:
453–456
Mersie W, McNamee C, Seybold CA and Tierney DP (2000) Diffusion and degradation of atrazine in a water/sediment system.
Environ Toxicol Chem 19: 2008–2014
Miles D (1991) The role of chlorophyll fluorescence as a bioassay for assessment of toxicity in plants. pp 297–307. In:
Wang W, Gorsuch JW and Lower WR (eds) Plants for Toxicity Assessment. American Society for Testing and Materials,
Philadelphia
Moore KA (1996) Relationships between seagrass growth and
survival and environmental conditions in a lower Chesapeake
Bay tributary. PhD Dissertation. University of Maryland,
College Park, Md. USA, p 188
Moore KA and Wetzel RL (2000) Seasonal variations in eelgrass
(Zostera marina L.) responses to nutrient enrichment and reduced light availability in experimental ecosystems. J Exp Mar
Biol Ecol 244: 1–28
Moore KA, Neckles HA and Orth RJ (1996) Zostera marina
(eelgrass) growth and survival along a gradient of nutrients
and turbidity in the lower Chesapeake Bay. Mar Ecol Prog Ser
142: 247–259
Moore KA, Wetzel RL and Orth RJ (1997) Seasonal pulses of
turbidity and their relations to eelgrass (Zostera marina L.)
survival in an estuary. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 215: 115–134
Neverauskas VP (1987) Monitoring seagrass beds around a
sewage sludge outfall in South Australia. Mar Pollut Bull 18:
158–164
P. J. Ralph, D. Tomasko, K. Moore, S. Seddon, and C. M. O. Macinnis-Ng
Johansson JOR and Greening HS (1999) Seagrass restoration in
Tampa Bay: A resource-based approach to estuarine management. In: Bortone SA (ed) Seagrasses: Monitoring, Ecology,
Physiology, and Management, pp 279–293. CRC Press, Boca
Raton, FL
Juday GP and Foster NR (1990) A preliminary look at effects of
the Exxon Valdez oil spill on Green Island Research natural
area. Agroborealis 22: 10–17
Kemp WM, Boynton WR, Twilley RR, Court Stevenson J and
Meena JC (1983) The decline of submerged vascular plants in
upper Chesapeake Bay: Summary of results concerning possible causes. Mar Soc Tech J 17: 78–89
Kenworthy WJ, Durako MJ, Fatemy SMR, Valavis H and Thayer
GW (1993) Ecology of seagrasses in Northeastern Saudi Arabia one year after the Gulf War oil spill. Mar Pollut Bull 27:
213–222
Kirk JTO (1994) Light and Photosynthesis in Aquatic Ecosystems, 2nd Ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Kirkman H (1997) Seagrasses of Australia. Australia: State of the
Environment Technical Paper Series (Estuaries and the Sea).
Australian Government Printing Service, Canberra
Klerks PL and Weis JS (1987) Genetic adaptation to heavy metals
in aquatic organisms: A review. Environ Pollut 45: 173–205
Koch EW (1999) Sediment resuspension in a shallow Thalassia
testudinum banks ex Konig bed. Aquat Bot 65: 269–280
Koch MS and Erskine JM (2001) Sulfide as a phytotoxin to the
tropical seagrass Thalassia testudinum: Interactions with light,
salinity and temperature. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 266: 81–95
Kurz RC, Tomasko DA, Burdick D, Ries TF, Patterson K and
Finck R (1999) Recent trends in seagrass distributions in
Southwest Florida coastal waters. In: Bortone SA (ed) Seagrasses: Monitoring, Ecology, Physiology, and Management,
pp 157–166. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
Lapointe BE, Tomasko DA and Matzie W (1994) Trophic structuring of marine plant communities in the Florida Keys. Bull
Mar Sci 54: 696–717
Larkum AWD (1976) Ecology of Botany Bay I. Growth of Posidonia australis (Brown) Hook. f . in Botany Bay and other
Bays of the Sydney basin. Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 27:
117–127
Larkum AWD and West RJ (1983) Stability, depletion and
restoration of seagrass beds. Proc Linnean Soc NSW 106:
201–212
Larkum AWD and West RJ (1990) Long-term changes of seagrass meadows in Botany Bay, Australia. Aquat Bot 37:
55–70
Leadbitter D, Lee Long D and Dalmazzo P (1999) Seagrasses
and their management—implications for research. In: Butler A
and Jernakoff P (eds) Seagrass in Australia, Strategic Review
and Development of An R&D plan, pp 210. CSIRO Publishing
Australia, Collingwood
Lee KS and Dunton KH (1997) Effects of in situ light reduction on the maintenance, growth and partitioning of carbon
resources in Thalassia testudinum Banks ex Konig. J Exp Mar
Biol Ecol 210: 53–73
Lewis RR III, Haddad KD and Johansson JOR (1991) Recent
areal expansion of seagrass meadows in Tampa Bay, Florida:
Real bay improvement or drought-induced? pp 189–192. In:
Treat SF and Clark PA (eds) Proceedings, Tampa Bay Area
Scientific Information Symposium 2. Tampa Bay Regional
Planning Council, St. Petersburg, FL
Longstaff BJ and Dennison WC (1999) Seagrass survival during
pulsed turbidity events: The effects of light deprivation on the
seagrasses Halodule pinifolia and Halophila ovalis. Aquat Bot
65: 105–121
Lyngby JE and Brix H (1982) Seasonal and environmental variation in cadmium, copper, lead and zinc concentrations in eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) in the Limfjord, Denmark. Aquat
Bot 14: 59–74
Lytle JS and Lytle TF (2001) Use of plants for toxicity assessment of estuarine ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 20:
68–83
MacFarlane GR and Burchett MD (2001) Photosynthetic pigments and peroxidase activity as indicators of heavy metal
stress in the grey mangrove, Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh.
Mar Pollut Bull 42: 233–240
Macinnis-Ng CMO and Ralph PJ (2002) Towards a more ecologically relevant assessment of the impact of heavy metals
on the photosynthesis of the seagrass Zostera capricorni. Mar
Pollut Bull 45: 100–106
Macinnis-Ng CMO and Ralph PJ (2003a) Short-term response
and recovery of Zostera capricorni photosynthesis after herbicide exposure. Aquat Bot 76: 1–15
Macinnis-Ng CMO and Ralph PJ (2004) Variations in sensitivity
to copper and zinc amongst three populations of the seagrass,
Zostera capricorni. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 302: 63–83
Macinnis-Ng CMO and Ralph PJ (2003b) In situ impact of petrochemicals on the photosynthesis of the seagrass Zostera capricorni. Mar Pollut Bull 46: 1395–1407
Malea P, Haritonidis S and Kevrekidis T (1995) The short-term
uptake of copper by the two parts of the seagrass Halophila
stipulacea (Forsk.) Aschers. and leaf-cells viability. Fresenius
Environ Bull 4: 117–122
McGlathery KJ (2001) Macroalgal blooms contribute to decline
of seagrass in nutrient-enriched coastal waters. J Phycol 37:
453–456
Mersie W, McNamee C, Seybold CA and Tierney DP (2000) Diffusion and degradation of atrazine in a water/sediment system.
Environ Toxicol Chem 19: 2008–2014
Miles D (1991) The role of chlorophyll fluorescence as a bioassay for assessment of toxicity in plants. pp 297–307. In:
Wang W, Gorsuch JW and Lower WR (eds) Plants for Toxicity Assessment. American Society for Testing and Materials,
Philadelphia
Moore KA (1996) Relationships between seagrass growth and
survival and environmental conditions in a lower Chesapeake
Bay tributary. PhD Dissertation. University of Maryland,
College Park, Md. USA, p 188
Moore KA and Wetzel RL (2000) Seasonal variations in eelgrass
(Zostera marina L.) responses to nutrient enrichment and reduced light availability in experimental ecosystems. J Exp Mar
Biol Ecol 244: 1–28
Moore KA, Neckles HA and Orth RJ (1996) Zostera marina
(eelgrass) growth and survival along a gradient of nutrients
and turbidity in the lower Chesapeake Bay. Mar Ecol Prog Ser
142: 247–259
Moore KA, Wetzel RL and Orth RJ (1997) Seasonal pulses of
turbidity and their relations to eelgrass (Zostera marina L.)
survival in an estuary. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 215: 115–134
Neverauskas VP (1987) Monitoring seagrass beds around a
sewage sludge outfall in South Australia. Mar Pollut Bull 18:
158–164