438
B. I. van Tussenbroek, J. A. Vonk, J. Stapel et al.
UNESCO (1998) Kjerve B (ed) CARICOMP—Caribbean coral
reef, seagrass and mangrove sites, Coastal region and small
island papers 3. UNESCO, Paris
Valentine JF and Heck KL (1991) The role of sea urchin grazing
in regulating subtropical seagrass meadows—evidence from
field manipulations in the northern Gulf of Mexico. J Exp Mar
Biol Ecol 154: 215–230
Valentine JF and Heck KL (1999) Seagrass herbivory: Evidence
for the continued grazing of marine grasses. Mar Ecol Prog
Ser 176: 291–302
Valentine JF and Heck KL (2001) The role of leaf nitrogen content in determining turtlegrass (Thalassia testudinum) grazing
by a generalized herbivore in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico.
J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 258: 65–86
Valentine JF, Heck KL, Harper P and Beck M (1994) Effects of
bioturbation in controlling turtlegrass (Thalassia testudinum
Banks ex K¨ onig.) abundance—evidence from field enclosures
and observations in the northern Gulf of Mexico. J Exp Mar
Biol Ecol 178: 181–192
Valentine JF, Heck KL, Busby J and Webb D (1997) Experimental evidence that herbivory increases shoot density and productivity in a subtropical turtlegrass (Thalassia testudinum)
meadow. Oecologia 112: 193–200
Valentine JF, Heck KL, Kirsch KD and Webb D (2000) Role
of sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus grazing in regulating
subtropical turtlegrass Thalassia testudinum meadows in the
Florida Keys. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 200: 213–228
van Groenendael J and de Kroon H (1990) Clonal Gowth in
Plants: Regulationa and Function. SPB Academic Publishing,
The Hague
van Tussenbroek BI (1994a) Aspects of the reproductive ecology
of Thalassia testudium in Puerto Morelos reef lagoon, Mexico.
Botanica Marina 37: 413–419
van Tussenbroek BI (1994b) The impact of Hurricane Gilbert on
the vegetative development of Thalassia testudinum in Puerto
Morelos reef lagoon, Mexico: A retrospective study. Botanica
Marina 37: 421–428
van Tussenbroek BI (1996) Techniques of rapid assessment of
seagrass production yield, applied to Thalassia testudinum in
a Mexican tropical reef lagoon. In: Kuo J, Phillips RC, Walker
DI and Kirkman H (eds) Proceedings of the International seagrass Biology workshop, Rottnest Island, Western Australia,
pp 131–138. University of Western Australia
van Tussenbroek BI (1998) Above- and belowground biomass
and production of Thalassia testudinum in a tropical reef lagoon. Aquat Bot 61: 69–82
van Tussenbroek BI (2000) Frequency distributions and demographical analysis of seagrasses with special emphasis
on Thalassia testudinum in a tropical reef lagoon. Biologia
Marina Mediteranea-Societ` a Italiana di Biologia Marina 7:
147–151
van Tussenbroek BI (2002) Static life-table analysis and demography of the foliar shoots of the tropical seagrass Thalassia
testudinum. Bull Mar Sci 71: 1247–1256
van Tussenbroek BI and Brearley A (1998) Isopod burrowing
in leaves of turtle grass, Thalassia testudinum, in a Mexican Caribbean reef lagoon. Mar Freshwater Res 49: 525–
531
van Tussenbroek BI, Galindo CA and M´ arquez J (2000) Dormancy and foliar density regulation in Thalassia testudinum.
Aquat Bot 68: 281–295
Verheij E and Erftemeijer PLA (1993) Distribution of seagrasses and associated macroalgae in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Blumea 38: 45–64
Vermaat JE, Agawin NSR, Duarte CM, Fortes MD, Marb` a N and
Uri JS (1995) Meadow maintenance, growth and productivity
of a mixed Philippine seagrass bed. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 124:
215–225
van Montfrans J, Wetzel RL and Orth RJ (1984) Epiphyte-grazer
relationships in seagrass meadows: Consequences for seagrass
growth and production. Estuaries 7: 289–309
Varela RJ, Llano M, Capelo JC and Vel´ asquez Y (1998) Punta
de Mangle, Isla margarita, Venezuela. In: Kjerfve B (ed)
Caribbean Coral reef., Seagrass and Mangrove Sites, Coastal
Region and Island Papers 3, pp 161–170. UNESCO, Paris
Waycott M and Les DH (2000) Current perspectives on marine
angiosperm evolution. Biologia Marina Mediteranea-Societ` a
Italiana di Biologia Marina 7: 160–163
Waycott M and Barnes PAG (2001) AFLP diversity within and
between populations of the Caribbean seagrass Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae). Mar Biol 139: 1021–1028
Wear DJ, Sullivan MJ, Moore AD and Millie DF (1999) Effects of
water-column enrichment on the production dynamics of three
seagrass species and their epiphytic algae. Mar Ecol Prog Ser
179: 201–213
Wefer G (1980) Carbonate production by algae Halimeda, Penicillus and Padina. Nature 285: 323–324
Westlake DF (1963) Comparisons of plant productivity. Biol Rev
38: 385–425
Whitfield PE, Kenworthy WJ, Durako MJ, Hammerstrom KK
and Merello MF (2004) Recruitment of Thalassia testudinum
seedlings into physically disturbed seagrass beds. Mar Ecol
Prog Ser 267: 121–131
Wilcox BA and Murphy DD (1985) Conservation strategy: The
effects of fragmentation on extinction. Am Nat 125: 879–887
Williams SL (1987) Competition between the seagrasses Thalassia testudinum and Syringodium filiforme in a Caribbean
lagoon. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 35: 91–98
Williams SL (1988) Thalassia testudinum productivity and grazing by green turtles in a highly disturbed seagrass bed. Mar
Biol 98: 447–455
Williams SL (1990) Experimental studies of Caribbean seagrass
bed development. Ecolog Monogr 60: 449–469
Williams SL and Adey WH (1983) Thalassia testudinum Banks
ex K¨ onig seedling success in a coral reef microcosm. Aquat
Bot 16: 181–188
Witz MJA and Dawes CJ (1995) Flowering and short shoot age in
three Thalassia testudinum meadows off West-Central Florida.
Botanica Marina 38: 431–436
Wood EJ, Odum WE and Zieman JC (1969) Influence of seagrasses on the productivity of coastal lagoons, Memorias del
Simposium Internernacional de Lagunas Costeras. UNAMUNESCO, 495–502
Ziegler S and Benner R (1999) Nutrient cycling in the water
column of a subtropical seagrass meadow. Mar Ecol Prog Ser
188: 51–62
Zieman JC (1974) Methods for the study of the growth and productivity of turtle grass, Thalassia testudinum K¨ onig. Aquaculture 4: 139–143
Zieman JC (1975a). Seasonal variation of turtle grass, Thalassia
testudinum (K¨ onig), with reference to temperature and salinity
effects. Aquat Bot 1: 107–123
B. I. van Tussenbroek, J. A. Vonk, J. Stapel et al.
UNESCO (1998) Kjerve B (ed) CARICOMP—Caribbean coral
reef, seagrass and mangrove sites, Coastal region and small
island papers 3. UNESCO, Paris
Valentine JF and Heck KL (1991) The role of sea urchin grazing
in regulating subtropical seagrass meadows—evidence from
field manipulations in the northern Gulf of Mexico. J Exp Mar
Biol Ecol 154: 215–230
Valentine JF and Heck KL (1999) Seagrass herbivory: Evidence
for the continued grazing of marine grasses. Mar Ecol Prog
Ser 176: 291–302
Valentine JF and Heck KL (2001) The role of leaf nitrogen content in determining turtlegrass (Thalassia testudinum) grazing
by a generalized herbivore in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico.
J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 258: 65–86
Valentine JF, Heck KL, Harper P and Beck M (1994) Effects of
bioturbation in controlling turtlegrass (Thalassia testudinum
Banks ex K¨ onig.) abundance—evidence from field enclosures
and observations in the northern Gulf of Mexico. J Exp Mar
Biol Ecol 178: 181–192
Valentine JF, Heck KL, Busby J and Webb D (1997) Experimental evidence that herbivory increases shoot density and productivity in a subtropical turtlegrass (Thalassia testudinum)
meadow. Oecologia 112: 193–200
Valentine JF, Heck KL, Kirsch KD and Webb D (2000) Role
of sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus grazing in regulating
subtropical turtlegrass Thalassia testudinum meadows in the
Florida Keys. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 200: 213–228
van Groenendael J and de Kroon H (1990) Clonal Gowth in
Plants: Regulationa and Function. SPB Academic Publishing,
The Hague
van Tussenbroek BI (1994a) Aspects of the reproductive ecology
of Thalassia testudium in Puerto Morelos reef lagoon, Mexico.
Botanica Marina 37: 413–419
van Tussenbroek BI (1994b) The impact of Hurricane Gilbert on
the vegetative development of Thalassia testudinum in Puerto
Morelos reef lagoon, Mexico: A retrospective study. Botanica
Marina 37: 421–428
van Tussenbroek BI (1996) Techniques of rapid assessment of
seagrass production yield, applied to Thalassia testudinum in
a Mexican tropical reef lagoon. In: Kuo J, Phillips RC, Walker
DI and Kirkman H (eds) Proceedings of the International seagrass Biology workshop, Rottnest Island, Western Australia,
pp 131–138. University of Western Australia
van Tussenbroek BI (1998) Above- and belowground biomass
and production of Thalassia testudinum in a tropical reef lagoon. Aquat Bot 61: 69–82
van Tussenbroek BI (2000) Frequency distributions and demographical analysis of seagrasses with special emphasis
on Thalassia testudinum in a tropical reef lagoon. Biologia
Marina Mediteranea-Societ` a Italiana di Biologia Marina 7:
147–151
van Tussenbroek BI (2002) Static life-table analysis and demography of the foliar shoots of the tropical seagrass Thalassia
testudinum. Bull Mar Sci 71: 1247–1256
van Tussenbroek BI and Brearley A (1998) Isopod burrowing
in leaves of turtle grass, Thalassia testudinum, in a Mexican Caribbean reef lagoon. Mar Freshwater Res 49: 525–
531
van Tussenbroek BI, Galindo CA and M´ arquez J (2000) Dormancy and foliar density regulation in Thalassia testudinum.
Aquat Bot 68: 281–295
Verheij E and Erftemeijer PLA (1993) Distribution of seagrasses and associated macroalgae in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Blumea 38: 45–64
Vermaat JE, Agawin NSR, Duarte CM, Fortes MD, Marb` a N and
Uri JS (1995) Meadow maintenance, growth and productivity
of a mixed Philippine seagrass bed. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 124:
215–225
van Montfrans J, Wetzel RL and Orth RJ (1984) Epiphyte-grazer
relationships in seagrass meadows: Consequences for seagrass
growth and production. Estuaries 7: 289–309
Varela RJ, Llano M, Capelo JC and Vel´ asquez Y (1998) Punta
de Mangle, Isla margarita, Venezuela. In: Kjerfve B (ed)
Caribbean Coral reef., Seagrass and Mangrove Sites, Coastal
Region and Island Papers 3, pp 161–170. UNESCO, Paris
Waycott M and Les DH (2000) Current perspectives on marine
angiosperm evolution. Biologia Marina Mediteranea-Societ` a
Italiana di Biologia Marina 7: 160–163
Waycott M and Barnes PAG (2001) AFLP diversity within and
between populations of the Caribbean seagrass Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae). Mar Biol 139: 1021–1028
Wear DJ, Sullivan MJ, Moore AD and Millie DF (1999) Effects of
water-column enrichment on the production dynamics of three
seagrass species and their epiphytic algae. Mar Ecol Prog Ser
179: 201–213
Wefer G (1980) Carbonate production by algae Halimeda, Penicillus and Padina. Nature 285: 323–324
Westlake DF (1963) Comparisons of plant productivity. Biol Rev
38: 385–425
Whitfield PE, Kenworthy WJ, Durako MJ, Hammerstrom KK
and Merello MF (2004) Recruitment of Thalassia testudinum
seedlings into physically disturbed seagrass beds. Mar Ecol
Prog Ser 267: 121–131
Wilcox BA and Murphy DD (1985) Conservation strategy: The
effects of fragmentation on extinction. Am Nat 125: 879–887
Williams SL (1987) Competition between the seagrasses Thalassia testudinum and Syringodium filiforme in a Caribbean
lagoon. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 35: 91–98
Williams SL (1988) Thalassia testudinum productivity and grazing by green turtles in a highly disturbed seagrass bed. Mar
Biol 98: 447–455
Williams SL (1990) Experimental studies of Caribbean seagrass
bed development. Ecolog Monogr 60: 449–469
Williams SL and Adey WH (1983) Thalassia testudinum Banks
ex K¨ onig seedling success in a coral reef microcosm. Aquat
Bot 16: 181–188
Witz MJA and Dawes CJ (1995) Flowering and short shoot age in
three Thalassia testudinum meadows off West-Central Florida.
Botanica Marina 38: 431–436
Wood EJ, Odum WE and Zieman JC (1969) Influence of seagrasses on the productivity of coastal lagoons, Memorias del
Simposium Internernacional de Lagunas Costeras. UNAMUNESCO, 495–502
Ziegler S and Benner R (1999) Nutrient cycling in the water
column of a subtropical seagrass meadow. Mar Ecol Prog Ser
188: 51–62
Zieman JC (1974) Methods for the study of the growth and productivity of turtle grass, Thalassia testudinum K¨ onig. Aquaculture 4: 139–143
Zieman JC (1975a). Seasonal variation of turtle grass, Thalassia
testudinum (K¨ onig), with reference to temperature and salinity
effects. Aquat Bot 1: 107–123