Chapter 18 The Biology of Thalassia
437
Stapel J and Hemminga MA (1997) Nutrient resorption from
seagrass leaves. Mar Biol 128: 197–206
Stapel J and Erftemeijer PLA (2000) Leaf harvesting by burrowing alpheid shrimps in a Thalassia hemprichii meadow
in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biologia Marina MediteraneaSociet` a Italiana di Biologia Marina 7: 282–285
Stapel J, Aarts TL, van Duynhoven BHM, de Groot JD, van den
Hoogen PHW and Hemminga MA (1996a) Nutrient uptake by
leaves and roots of the seagrass Thalassia hemprichii in the
Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 143:
195–206
Stapel J, Nijboer R and Philipsen B (1996b) Initial estimates
of export of leaf litter from a seagrass bed in the Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. In: Kuo J,
Phillips RC, Walker DI, Kirkman H (eds) Proceedings of
the International Seagrass Biology workshop, Rottnest Island, Western Australia, pp 155–162. University of Western
Australia
Stapel J, Manuntun R and Hemminga MA (1997) Biomass
loss and nutrient redistribution in an Indonesian Thalassia
hemprichii seagrass bed following seasonal low tide exposure
during daylight. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 148: 251–262
Stapel J, Hemminga MA, Bogert CG and Maas YEM (2001) Nitrogen (
15 N) retention in small Thalassia hemprichii seagrass
plots in an off shore meadow in South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Limnol Oceanogr 46: 24–37
Sterrenburg FAS, Erftemeijer PLA and Nienhuis PH (1995) Diatoms as epiphytes on seagrasses in South Soulawesi (Indonesia). Comparison with growth on inert substrata. Botanica Marina 38: 1–7
Stoner AW and Lewis FG (1985) The influence of quantitative
and qualitative aspects of habitat complexity in tropical seagrass meadows. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 94: 19–44
Stoner AW, Ray M and Waite JM (1995) Effects of a large herbivorous gastropod on macrofauna communities in tropical
seagrass meadows. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 121: 125–137
Sullivan MJ (1979) Epiphytic diatoms of three seagrass species
in Mississipi Sound. Bull Mar Sci 29: 259–464
Terrados J, Borum J, Duarte CM, Fortes MD, Kamp-Nielsen L,
Agawin NSR and Kenworthy WJ (1999a) Nutrient and mass
allocation of South-east Asian seagrasses. Aquat Bot 63: 203–
217
Terrados J, Duarte CM, Kamp-Nielsen L, Agawin NSR, Gacia
E, Lacap D, Fortes MD, Borum J, Lubanski M and Greve
T (1999b) Are seagrass growth and survival constrained by
the reducing conditions of the sediment? Aquat Bot 65: 175–
197
Thayer GW, Powell AB and Hoss DE (1999) Composition of
larval, juvenile and small adult fishes relative to changes in
environmental conditions in Florida Bay. Estuaries 22: 518–
533
Thomas FIM and Cornelisen CD (2003) Ammonium uptake by
seagrass communities: Effects of oscillatory versus unidirectional flow. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 247: 51–57
Thomas FIM, Cornelisen CD and Zande JM (2000) Effects of
water velocity and canopy morphology on ammonium uptake
by seagrass communities. Ecology 81: 2704–2713
Thomas LP, Moore DR and Work RC (1961) Effects of Hurricane
Donna on the turtle grass beds of Biscayne Bay, Florida. Bull
Mar Sci Gulf Caribb 11: 191–197
Tilman D (1985) The resource-ratio hypothesis of plant succession. Am Nat 125: 827–852
Tomasko DA and Dawes CJ (1989) Evidence for physiological
integration between shaded and unshaded short shoots of Thalassia testudinum. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 54: 299–305
Tomasko DA and Dawes CJ (1990) Influences of season and
water depth on the clonal biology of the seagrass Thalassia
testudinum. Mar Biol 105: 345–351
Tomasko DA, Dawes CJ and Hall MO (1991) Effects of the
number of short shoots and presence of the rhizome apical
meristem on the survival and growth of transplanted seagrass
Thalassia testudinum. Contrib Mar Sci 32: 41–48
Tomasko DA, Dawes CJ and Hall MO (1996) The effects of
anthropogenic nutrient enrichment on turtle grass (Thalassia
testudinum) in Sarasota Bay, Florida. Estuaries 19: 448–456
Tomasko DA and Lapointe BE (1991) Productivity and biomass
of Thalassia testudinum as related to water column nutrient
availability and epiphyte levels: Field observations and experimental studies. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 35: 91–98
Tomasko DA, Dawes CJ, Fortes MD, Largo DB and Alava MNR
(1993) Observations on a multi-species eagrass meadow offshore of negros Oriental, republic of the Philippines. Botanica
Marina 36: 303–311
Tomlinson PB (1969a) On the morphology and anatomy of turtle
grass, Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae). II. Anatomy
and development of the root in relation to function. Bull Mar
Sci 19: 286–305
Tomlinson PB (1969b) On the morphology and anatomy of turtle grass, Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae). III. Floral
morphology and anatomy. Bull Mar Sci 19: 57–71
Tomlinson PB (1970) Monocotyledons—Towards an understanding of their morphology and anatomy. Adv Botanical
Res 3: 207–292
Tomlinson PB (1972) On the morphology and anatomy of turtle grass, Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae). IV. Leaf
anatomy and development. Bull Mar Sci 22: 75–93
Tomlinson PB (1974) Vegetative morphology and meristem
dependence—the foundation of productivity in seagrasses.
Aquaculture 4: 107–130
Tomlinson PB (1980) Leaf morphology and anatomy in seagrasses. In: Phillips RC and McRoy RC (eds) Handbook of
Seagrass Biology: An Ecosystem Perspective, pp 7–28. Garland STPM Press, New York
Tomlinson PB (1986) The Botany of Mangroves. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge
Tomlinson PB and Bailey GW (1972) Vegetative branching
in Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae)—a correction.
Botanical Gazette 133: 43–50
Tomlinson PB and Vargo GA (1966) On the morphology
and anatomy of turtle grass, Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae). I. Vegetative morphology. Bull Mar Sci 16:
748–761
Touchette BW and Burkholder JM (2000) Review of nitrogen
and phosphorus metabolism in seagrasses. J Exp Mar Biol
Ecol 250: 133–167
Uhrin AV and Holmqvist JG (2003) Effects of propeller scarring
on macrofaunal use of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum. Mar
Ecol Prog Ser 250: 61–70
Uku J and Bj¨ ork M (2001) The distribution of epiphytic algae on
three Kenyan seagrass species. S Afr J Bot 67: 475–482
437
Stapel J and Hemminga MA (1997) Nutrient resorption from
seagrass leaves. Mar Biol 128: 197–206
Stapel J and Erftemeijer PLA (2000) Leaf harvesting by burrowing alpheid shrimps in a Thalassia hemprichii meadow
in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biologia Marina MediteraneaSociet` a Italiana di Biologia Marina 7: 282–285
Stapel J, Aarts TL, van Duynhoven BHM, de Groot JD, van den
Hoogen PHW and Hemminga MA (1996a) Nutrient uptake by
leaves and roots of the seagrass Thalassia hemprichii in the
Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 143:
195–206
Stapel J, Nijboer R and Philipsen B (1996b) Initial estimates
of export of leaf litter from a seagrass bed in the Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. In: Kuo J,
Phillips RC, Walker DI, Kirkman H (eds) Proceedings of
the International Seagrass Biology workshop, Rottnest Island, Western Australia, pp 155–162. University of Western
Australia
Stapel J, Manuntun R and Hemminga MA (1997) Biomass
loss and nutrient redistribution in an Indonesian Thalassia
hemprichii seagrass bed following seasonal low tide exposure
during daylight. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 148: 251–262
Stapel J, Hemminga MA, Bogert CG and Maas YEM (2001) Nitrogen (
15 N) retention in small Thalassia hemprichii seagrass
plots in an off shore meadow in South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Limnol Oceanogr 46: 24–37
Sterrenburg FAS, Erftemeijer PLA and Nienhuis PH (1995) Diatoms as epiphytes on seagrasses in South Soulawesi (Indonesia). Comparison with growth on inert substrata. Botanica Marina 38: 1–7
Stoner AW and Lewis FG (1985) The influence of quantitative
and qualitative aspects of habitat complexity in tropical seagrass meadows. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 94: 19–44
Stoner AW, Ray M and Waite JM (1995) Effects of a large herbivorous gastropod on macrofauna communities in tropical
seagrass meadows. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 121: 125–137
Sullivan MJ (1979) Epiphytic diatoms of three seagrass species
in Mississipi Sound. Bull Mar Sci 29: 259–464
Terrados J, Borum J, Duarte CM, Fortes MD, Kamp-Nielsen L,
Agawin NSR and Kenworthy WJ (1999a) Nutrient and mass
allocation of South-east Asian seagrasses. Aquat Bot 63: 203–
217
Terrados J, Duarte CM, Kamp-Nielsen L, Agawin NSR, Gacia
E, Lacap D, Fortes MD, Borum J, Lubanski M and Greve
T (1999b) Are seagrass growth and survival constrained by
the reducing conditions of the sediment? Aquat Bot 65: 175–
197
Thayer GW, Powell AB and Hoss DE (1999) Composition of
larval, juvenile and small adult fishes relative to changes in
environmental conditions in Florida Bay. Estuaries 22: 518–
533
Thomas FIM and Cornelisen CD (2003) Ammonium uptake by
seagrass communities: Effects of oscillatory versus unidirectional flow. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 247: 51–57
Thomas FIM, Cornelisen CD and Zande JM (2000) Effects of
water velocity and canopy morphology on ammonium uptake
by seagrass communities. Ecology 81: 2704–2713
Thomas LP, Moore DR and Work RC (1961) Effects of Hurricane
Donna on the turtle grass beds of Biscayne Bay, Florida. Bull
Mar Sci Gulf Caribb 11: 191–197
Tilman D (1985) The resource-ratio hypothesis of plant succession. Am Nat 125: 827–852
Tomasko DA and Dawes CJ (1989) Evidence for physiological
integration between shaded and unshaded short shoots of Thalassia testudinum. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 54: 299–305
Tomasko DA and Dawes CJ (1990) Influences of season and
water depth on the clonal biology of the seagrass Thalassia
testudinum. Mar Biol 105: 345–351
Tomasko DA, Dawes CJ and Hall MO (1991) Effects of the
number of short shoots and presence of the rhizome apical
meristem on the survival and growth of transplanted seagrass
Thalassia testudinum. Contrib Mar Sci 32: 41–48
Tomasko DA, Dawes CJ and Hall MO (1996) The effects of
anthropogenic nutrient enrichment on turtle grass (Thalassia
testudinum) in Sarasota Bay, Florida. Estuaries 19: 448–456
Tomasko DA and Lapointe BE (1991) Productivity and biomass
of Thalassia testudinum as related to water column nutrient
availability and epiphyte levels: Field observations and experimental studies. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 35: 91–98
Tomasko DA, Dawes CJ, Fortes MD, Largo DB and Alava MNR
(1993) Observations on a multi-species eagrass meadow offshore of negros Oriental, republic of the Philippines. Botanica
Marina 36: 303–311
Tomlinson PB (1969a) On the morphology and anatomy of turtle
grass, Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae). II. Anatomy
and development of the root in relation to function. Bull Mar
Sci 19: 286–305
Tomlinson PB (1969b) On the morphology and anatomy of turtle grass, Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae). III. Floral
morphology and anatomy. Bull Mar Sci 19: 57–71
Tomlinson PB (1970) Monocotyledons—Towards an understanding of their morphology and anatomy. Adv Botanical
Res 3: 207–292
Tomlinson PB (1972) On the morphology and anatomy of turtle grass, Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae). IV. Leaf
anatomy and development. Bull Mar Sci 22: 75–93
Tomlinson PB (1974) Vegetative morphology and meristem
dependence—the foundation of productivity in seagrasses.
Aquaculture 4: 107–130
Tomlinson PB (1980) Leaf morphology and anatomy in seagrasses. In: Phillips RC and McRoy RC (eds) Handbook of
Seagrass Biology: An Ecosystem Perspective, pp 7–28. Garland STPM Press, New York
Tomlinson PB (1986) The Botany of Mangroves. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge
Tomlinson PB and Bailey GW (1972) Vegetative branching
in Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae)—a correction.
Botanical Gazette 133: 43–50
Tomlinson PB and Vargo GA (1966) On the morphology
and anatomy of turtle grass, Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae). I. Vegetative morphology. Bull Mar Sci 16:
748–761
Touchette BW and Burkholder JM (2000) Review of nitrogen
and phosphorus metabolism in seagrasses. J Exp Mar Biol
Ecol 250: 133–167
Uhrin AV and Holmqvist JG (2003) Effects of propeller scarring
on macrofaunal use of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum. Mar
Ecol Prog Ser 250: 61–70
Uku J and Bj¨ ork M (2001) The distribution of epiphytic algae on
three Kenyan seagrass species. S Afr J Bot 67: 475–482