Chapter 11 Dynamics of Seagrasses
291
Bell SS, Robbins BD and Jensen SL (1999) Gap dynamics in a
seagrass landscape. Ecosystems 2: 493–504
Bigley RE and Harrison PG (1986) Shoot demography and morphology of Zostera japonica and Ruppia maritima for British
Columbia, Canada. Aquat Bot 24: 69–82
Bostr¨ om C, Baden SP and Krause-Jensen D (2003) The seagrasses of Scandinavia and the Baltic Sea. In: Green EP and
Short FT (eds) World Atlas of Seagrasses: Present Status and
Future Conservation. California University Press
Campbell ML (2003) Recruitment and colonisation of vegetative fragments of Posidonia australis and Posidonia coriacea.
Aquat Bot 76: 175–184
Campey ML, Kendrick GA and Walker DI (2002) Interannual
and small-scale spatial variability in sexual reproduction of the
seagrasses Posidonia coriaced and Heterozostera tasmanica,
in southwestern Australia. Aquat Bot 74: 287–297
Churchill AC (1983) Field studies on seed germination and
seedling development in Zostera marina L. Aquat Bot 16:
21–29
Cooper WS (1913) The climax forest of Isle Royale, Lake Superior and its development. Bot Gaz 55: 1–44
Davis JL, Childers DL and Kuhn DN (1999) Clonal variation in a
Florida Bay Thalassia testudinum meadow: Molecular genetic
assessment of population structure. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 186:
127–136
den Hartog C (1970) The Seagrasses of the World. North Holland,
Amsterdam
den Hartog C (1971) The dynamic aspect in the ecology
of sea-grass communities. Thalassia jugoslavica 7: 101–
112
den Hartog C (1987) “Wasting disease” and other dynamic phenomena in Zostera beds. Aquat Bot 27: 3–14
Dring MJ (1982) The Biology of Marine Plants. Edward Arnold,
London
Duarte CM (1989) Temporal biomass variability and production
biomass relationships of seagrass communities. Mar Ecol Prog
Ser 51: 269–276
Duarte CM (1991) Allometric scaling of seagrass form and productivity. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 77: 289–300
Duarte CM (1995) Submerged aquatic vegetation in relation to
different nutrient regimes. Ophelia 41: 87–112
Duarte CM (2002) The future of seagrass meadows. Environ
Conserv 29: 192–206
Duarte CM and Kalff J (1987) Weight-density relationships in
submerged macrophytes: The importance of light and plant
geometry. Oecologia 72: 612–617
Duarte CM and Sand-Jensen K (1990a) Seagrass colonization:
Patch formation and patch growth in Cymodocea nodosa. Mar
Ecol Prog Ser 65: 193–200
Duarte CM and Sand-Jensen K (1990b) Seagrass colonization:
Biomass development and shoot demography in Cymodocea
nodosa patches. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 67: 97–103
Duarte CM and Sand-Jensen K (1996) Nutrient constraints on
establishment from seed and on vegetative expansion of the
Mediterranean seagrass Cymodocea nodosa. Aquat Bot 54:
279–286
Duarte CM, Marb´ a N, Agawin NSR, Cebri´ an J, Enr´ ıquez
S, Fortes MD, Gallegos ME, Merino M, Olesen B, SandJensen K, Uri J and Vermaat J (1994) Reconstruction of
seagrass dynamics, age determinations and associated tools
for the seagrass ecologist. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 107: 195–
209
Duarte CM, Terrados J, Agawin NSW, Fortes MD, Bach S and WJ
Kenworthy (1997a) Response of a mixed Philippine seagrass
meadow to experimental burial. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 147: 285–
294
Duarte CM, Uri J, Agawin NSR, Fortes MD, Vermaat JE and
Marb` a N (1997b) Flowering frequency of Philippine seagrasses. Botanica Marina 40: 497–500
Duarte CM, Geertz-Hansen O, Thampanya U, Terrados J, Fortes
MD, Kamp-Nielsen L, Borum J and Boromthanarath S (1998)
The relationship between mangrove (Rhizophora apiculata)
seedling growth, nutrient status and sediment conditions in
SE Asia. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 175: 277–283
Duarte CM, Terrados J, Agawin NSR and Fortes MD (2000)
An experimental test of the occurrence of competitive interactions among SE Asian seagrasses. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 197:
231–240
Durako MJ (1994) Seagrass die-off in Florida Bay (USA):
Changes in shoot demographic characteristics and population
dynamics in Thalassia testudinum. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 110:
59–66
Durako MJ and Moffler MD (1985) Observations on the reproductive ecology of Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae).
III. Spatial and temporal variations in reproductive patterns
within a seagrass bed. Aquat Bot 22: 265–276
Durako MJ and Duarte CM (1997) On the use of reconstructive
aging techniques for assessing seagrass demography: A critique of the model test of Jensen et al. (1996). Mar Ecol Prog
Ser 146: 297–303
Ebert TA, Williams SL and Ewanchuk PJ (2002) Mortality estimates from age distributions: Critique of a method
used to study age distributions. Limnol Oceanogr 47: 600–
603
Ewanchuk PJ and Williams SL (1996) Survival and reestablishment of vegetative fragments of eelgrass (Zostera marina). Can J Bot 74: 1584–1590
Flores-Coto CA, Sanchez-Iturbe F, Zavala-Garc´ ıa F and Warlen
SM (1998) Age, growth, mortality and food habits of larval Stellifer lanceolatus, Cynoscion arenarius and Cynoscion
nothos (Pisces: Sciaenidae), from the southern Gulf of Mexico. Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci 47: 593–602
Fonseca MS and Bell SS (1998) Influence of physical setting on
seagrass landscapes near Beaufort, North Carolina, USA. Mar
Ecol Prog Ser 171: 109–121
Fonseca MS, Zieman JC, Thayer GW and Fisher JS (1983)
The role of current velocity in structuring eelgrass (Zostera
marina L.) meadows. Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci 17: 367–
380
Fonseca MS, Kenworthy WJ and Whitfield PE (2000) Temporal dynamics of seagrass landscapes: A preliminary comparison of chronic and extreme disturbance events. In: Pergent
G, Pergent-Martini C, Buia MC and Gambi MC (eds) Fourth
International Seagrass Biology Workshop, Biologia Marina
Mediterranea, pp 373–376. Instituto di Zoologia, Genova,
Italy, Corsica, France
Fourqurean JW, Powell GVN, Kenworthy WJ and Zieman JC
(1995) The effects of long-term manipulation of nutrient supply on competition between the seagrasses Thalassia testudinum and Halodule wrightii in Florida Bay. Oikos 72: 349–
358
Fourqurean JW, Marb´ a N and Duarte CM (2003) Elucidating seagrass population dynamics: Theory, constraints and practice.
Limnol Oceanogr 48: 2070–2074
291
Bell SS, Robbins BD and Jensen SL (1999) Gap dynamics in a
seagrass landscape. Ecosystems 2: 493–504
Bigley RE and Harrison PG (1986) Shoot demography and morphology of Zostera japonica and Ruppia maritima for British
Columbia, Canada. Aquat Bot 24: 69–82
Bostr¨ om C, Baden SP and Krause-Jensen D (2003) The seagrasses of Scandinavia and the Baltic Sea. In: Green EP and
Short FT (eds) World Atlas of Seagrasses: Present Status and
Future Conservation. California University Press
Campbell ML (2003) Recruitment and colonisation of vegetative fragments of Posidonia australis and Posidonia coriacea.
Aquat Bot 76: 175–184
Campey ML, Kendrick GA and Walker DI (2002) Interannual
and small-scale spatial variability in sexual reproduction of the
seagrasses Posidonia coriaced and Heterozostera tasmanica,
in southwestern Australia. Aquat Bot 74: 287–297
Churchill AC (1983) Field studies on seed germination and
seedling development in Zostera marina L. Aquat Bot 16:
21–29
Cooper WS (1913) The climax forest of Isle Royale, Lake Superior and its development. Bot Gaz 55: 1–44
Davis JL, Childers DL and Kuhn DN (1999) Clonal variation in a
Florida Bay Thalassia testudinum meadow: Molecular genetic
assessment of population structure. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 186:
127–136
den Hartog C (1970) The Seagrasses of the World. North Holland,
Amsterdam
den Hartog C (1971) The dynamic aspect in the ecology
of sea-grass communities. Thalassia jugoslavica 7: 101–
112
den Hartog C (1987) “Wasting disease” and other dynamic phenomena in Zostera beds. Aquat Bot 27: 3–14
Dring MJ (1982) The Biology of Marine Plants. Edward Arnold,
London
Duarte CM (1989) Temporal biomass variability and production
biomass relationships of seagrass communities. Mar Ecol Prog
Ser 51: 269–276
Duarte CM (1991) Allometric scaling of seagrass form and productivity. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 77: 289–300
Duarte CM (1995) Submerged aquatic vegetation in relation to
different nutrient regimes. Ophelia 41: 87–112
Duarte CM (2002) The future of seagrass meadows. Environ
Conserv 29: 192–206
Duarte CM and Kalff J (1987) Weight-density relationships in
submerged macrophytes: The importance of light and plant
geometry. Oecologia 72: 612–617
Duarte CM and Sand-Jensen K (1990a) Seagrass colonization:
Patch formation and patch growth in Cymodocea nodosa. Mar
Ecol Prog Ser 65: 193–200
Duarte CM and Sand-Jensen K (1990b) Seagrass colonization:
Biomass development and shoot demography in Cymodocea
nodosa patches. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 67: 97–103
Duarte CM and Sand-Jensen K (1996) Nutrient constraints on
establishment from seed and on vegetative expansion of the
Mediterranean seagrass Cymodocea nodosa. Aquat Bot 54:
279–286
Duarte CM, Marb´ a N, Agawin NSR, Cebri´ an J, Enr´ ıquez
S, Fortes MD, Gallegos ME, Merino M, Olesen B, SandJensen K, Uri J and Vermaat J (1994) Reconstruction of
seagrass dynamics, age determinations and associated tools
for the seagrass ecologist. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 107: 195–
209
Duarte CM, Terrados J, Agawin NSW, Fortes MD, Bach S and WJ
Kenworthy (1997a) Response of a mixed Philippine seagrass
meadow to experimental burial. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 147: 285–
294
Duarte CM, Uri J, Agawin NSR, Fortes MD, Vermaat JE and
Marb` a N (1997b) Flowering frequency of Philippine seagrasses. Botanica Marina 40: 497–500
Duarte CM, Geertz-Hansen O, Thampanya U, Terrados J, Fortes
MD, Kamp-Nielsen L, Borum J and Boromthanarath S (1998)
The relationship between mangrove (Rhizophora apiculata)
seedling growth, nutrient status and sediment conditions in
SE Asia. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 175: 277–283
Duarte CM, Terrados J, Agawin NSR and Fortes MD (2000)
An experimental test of the occurrence of competitive interactions among SE Asian seagrasses. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 197:
231–240
Durako MJ (1994) Seagrass die-off in Florida Bay (USA):
Changes in shoot demographic characteristics and population
dynamics in Thalassia testudinum. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 110:
59–66
Durako MJ and Moffler MD (1985) Observations on the reproductive ecology of Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae).
III. Spatial and temporal variations in reproductive patterns
within a seagrass bed. Aquat Bot 22: 265–276
Durako MJ and Duarte CM (1997) On the use of reconstructive
aging techniques for assessing seagrass demography: A critique of the model test of Jensen et al. (1996). Mar Ecol Prog
Ser 146: 297–303
Ebert TA, Williams SL and Ewanchuk PJ (2002) Mortality estimates from age distributions: Critique of a method
used to study age distributions. Limnol Oceanogr 47: 600–
603
Ewanchuk PJ and Williams SL (1996) Survival and reestablishment of vegetative fragments of eelgrass (Zostera marina). Can J Bot 74: 1584–1590
Flores-Coto CA, Sanchez-Iturbe F, Zavala-Garc´ ıa F and Warlen
SM (1998) Age, growth, mortality and food habits of larval Stellifer lanceolatus, Cynoscion arenarius and Cynoscion
nothos (Pisces: Sciaenidae), from the southern Gulf of Mexico. Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci 47: 593–602
Fonseca MS and Bell SS (1998) Influence of physical setting on
seagrass landscapes near Beaufort, North Carolina, USA. Mar
Ecol Prog Ser 171: 109–121
Fonseca MS, Zieman JC, Thayer GW and Fisher JS (1983)
The role of current velocity in structuring eelgrass (Zostera
marina L.) meadows. Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci 17: 367–
380
Fonseca MS, Kenworthy WJ and Whitfield PE (2000) Temporal dynamics of seagrass landscapes: A preliminary comparison of chronic and extreme disturbance events. In: Pergent
G, Pergent-Martini C, Buia MC and Gambi MC (eds) Fourth
International Seagrass Biology Workshop, Biologia Marina
Mediterranea, pp 373–376. Instituto di Zoologia, Genova,
Italy, Corsica, France
Fourqurean JW, Powell GVN, Kenworthy WJ and Zieman JC
(1995) The effects of long-term manipulation of nutrient supply on competition between the seagrasses Thalassia testudinum and Halodule wrightii in Florida Bay. Oikos 72: 349–
358
Fourqurean JW, Marb´ a N and Duarte CM (2003) Elucidating seagrass population dynamics: Theory, constraints and practice.
Limnol Oceanogr 48: 2070–2074